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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. for student copy. Functions of the Respiratory System. Gas Exchange. Organs of the Respiratory System. Upper Respiratory Tract Nose Pharynx Larynx Lower Respiratory Tract Trachea Bronchi Lungs . Nose . framework composed of bone & cartilage

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System for student copy

  2. Functions of the Respiratory System Gas Exchange

  3. Organs of the Respiratory System • Upper Respiratory Tract • Nose • Pharynx • Larynx • Lower Respiratory Tract • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs

  4. Nose • framework composed of bone & cartilage • 2 nostrils called: external nares • where air enters the nasal cavity • rt & lt separated by nasal septum • site of nose bleeds @ internal edge: internal nares

  5. Pharynx • throat • 3 divisions: • Nasopharynx • begins @ internal nares end of soft palate • Oropharynx • edge of soft palate  hyoid bone • Laryngopharynx • hyoid bone  upper edge of esophagus

  6. 3 Parts of the Pharynx

  7. Larynx • “voice box” • Cartilage • Parts: • Epiglottis • Glottis • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage

  8. Larynx • moves upward when you swallow  • tips epiglottis over the glottis (opening of trachea) • allows food  esophagus (--/ down trachea to lungs) • if not swallowing: glottis is open allowing air  lungs • http://www.linkstudio.info/images/portfolio/medani/Swallow.swf

  9. Trachea rings of cartilage maintain its shape to prevent it from closing forks into 2 bronchi

  10. Bronchus each enters a lung where it branches into smaller & smaller bronchioles resembling an inverted tree

  11. Bronchioles • fine tubes that allow passage of air • smooth muscle surrounds them when contracts airways constrict • epithelium covered with cilia & mucus • mucus traps dust, particulates • cilia beat upward removing trapped particles from airways (moves particles ~1-3 cm/hr)

  12. Bronchioles

  13. Gas Exchange in Lungs

  14. Pulmonary Function Tests “PFTs” subject breathes into a closed system in which air is trapped w/in a bell floating in water bell moves up when patient exhales / down when they inhale

  15. Pulmonary Function Tests • Tidal Volume: • amt of air expired • Vital Capacity: • max amt of air that can forcefully exhaled after a max inhalation

  16. Spirogram

  17. Anatomical Dead Space not all inspired air will get into the lungs exhaling does not force all air out of the body

  18. Hemoglobin helps transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, & buffer blood as carbon dioxide leaves cells & diffuses thru interstial fluid then into capillary it combines with water to form carbonic acid

  19. Hgb Loading & Unloading Oxygen

  20. Respiratory pH Balance

  21. Respiratory Acidosis • hypoventilation • accumulation of CO2 in tissues • pH decreases • plasma HCO3- increases

  22. Respiratory Alkalosis • hyperventilation • excessive loss of CO2 • pH increases • plasma HCO3- decreases • CO2 in blood increases

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