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Intelligence

Intelligence. What is it?. Intelligence vs. Achievement. Achievement -knowledge or skills acquired through experience Involve specific content Intelligence -the ability to learn from experience To think rationally To deal effectively with others Can be the basis for achievement.

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Intelligence

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  1. Intelligence What is it?

  2. Intelligence vs. Achievement • Achievement-knowledge or skills acquired through experience • Involve specific content • Intelligence -the ability to learn from experience • To think rationally • To deal effectively with others • Can be the basis for achievement

  3. Charles Spearman • Theory from the beginning of the 20th century theory • g factor of intelligence underlies all intellectual abilities • Reason and solve problems • s factors contribute to specific abilities

  4. Howard Gardner • Theory of multiple intelligence • Verbal linguistic • Visual-spatial • Logical-Mathematical • Bodily-kinesthetic • Musical-rhythmic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Naturalistic • existential

  5. Robert Sternberg • Analytical intelligence • Academic work • Creative intelligence • Artistic & imaginative • Practical intelligence • Street smarts

  6. Emotional Intelligence • Daniel Goleman • Self-awareness • Mood management • Self-motivation • Impulse control • People skills

  7. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) • Alfred Binet, 1905 –French psychologist • Mental Age (MA) vs. Chronolgical Age (CA) • Today’s Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) test provides an IQ, not an MA • IQ score is a transformed score – a score that has been converted from a raw score in a systematic way

  8. Wechlser Adult Intelligence scale • WAIS-R • Most commonly used test today • Divided into verbal and performance subtests • Reveals strengths, weaknesses & overall intellectual functioning

  9. Stanford-Binet vs. Wechsler SBIS WAIS-R • Measures verbal ability • Good predictor of school achievement • Do not use the concept of MA • Use the term IQ • Measure verbal & non-verbal ability • Used to identify disabilities • Compared with others of the same age

  10. Validity & Reliability • Intelligence test must be reliable & valid to be accepted by psychologists • Reliability –consistency of test • Gives highly similar scores each time it is taken • Same score for a person each time they take a test • Validity • Measures what is supposed to measure • Intelligence tests should predict school performance

  11. Problems with Intelligence Testing • Education & economic background can make a 10 -15 pt. difference • Motivation contributes to success • Cultural bias • Interpret questions differently than expected by designers of the test

  12. IQ Bell Curve

  13. What influences intelligence? • Environment & genetics • How to test which is more influential • Heritability • The extent to which variations in a trait from person to person can be explained by genetic factors • Adoptee Studies • Most children have IQs similar to adoptive parents, not birth • Kinship studies • Identical twins, even those reared apart have similar scores

  14. High IQ >120 related to: • Parents are emotionally & verbally responsive • Children are given enjoyable, but educational toys • Parents are involved in children’s activities • Varied daily experiences during preschool years • Home environment is organized and safe • Children are encouraged to do problem solving

  15. Adult IQ maintenance • Level of income • Stimulating work experience • Marriage to spouse with a high IQ • Flexible personality • Good general health in adult years

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