Perception ~ Act of becoming aware through the senses.

1. Stress~Body and minds reaction to everyday demands.Two major systems affected:1. Nervous System2. Endocrine System Perception ~ Act of becoming aware through the senses.

2. Two Types of Stress: • Distress (Negative stress)- too much stress, not knowing how to cope. • Eustress (Positive Stress)- stressful feelings of excitement. Challenges, reasons to wake up in the morning.

3. Stressor ~ any stimulus that produces a stress response. Five Categories of Stressors: • Biological-illness, disabilities, injuries • Environmental-poverty, pollution, noise, crowding • Cognitive-the way you perceive a situation • PersonalBehavior-negative reactions in the body and mind caused by using tobacco, alcohol, or drugs • LifeSituation-death of a pet, relationship problems

4. Physical Changes • Short-term- Headaches, upset stomach, heart rate increases, perspiration increases, breathing faster, adrenaline is released. • TMJ Syndrome- grinding of teeth and jaw. • General Adaptation Syndrome-body’s response to stress. • Adrenaline(The Emergency Hormone)- secreted by the adrenal glands to prepare body to respond to a stressor.

5. Physical Changes cont… • Long-Term: Frequent colds or flu, Cardiovascular disease, ulcers, insomnia, migraines, high blood pressure

6. Social/Mental/Emotional Effects • Difficulty concentrating, mood swings, substance abuse • Chronic Stress- stress associated with long-term problems that are beyond a person’s control. ~Less intense then flight or fight response but lasts longer.

7. Three Stages of Body’s Response • Alarm- body’s initial response to a physical, mental, or social stress. Flight or Fight response prepares body for action. • Resistance- the body adapts to the rush created by the alarm and reacts to the stressor. Flight or Fight takes place. Fight-your ability to resist a challenge. Flight-may be able to run faster then usual. • Fatigue- Wear and tear on the body, lowers level of activity, and lowered resistance to disease. • Physical- soreness, pain in muscle • Psychological- depression, boredom, isolation • Pathological- tiredness, get sick quicker

8. Fight or Flight Examples: • Imagine you are a goalie in a soccer game. The ball has been kicked by an opposite team player and is heading straight towards the goal. Your heart starts to beat faster as you up for the ball and make the block. • When the soccer ball was coming towards the goal, the response was to confront the situation or “FIGHT” • You’re riding your bike and suddenly you find yourself in the path of a fast moving car. You have a sudden burst of energy that allows you to get out of the way of the car. • When the car was in your path your response was to move away or “TAKE FLIGHT”

9. Causes of Stress • Coping- time is a major factor in relieving stress. • Time Management Skills- effective ways of arranging time to prevent rushing, missed deadlines, and unnecessary stress.

10. Five Ways to Cope • Planning- think ahead, know what to expect • Laughing- accept reality, you are human • Rechanneling your energy- run, walk, sing • Learn to Relax- clear your mind • Call on support group- ask people for help • Relaxation Response- a state of calm can be reached if one or more relaxation techniques are practiced regularly.

11. Personality Types Type A- Intense sense of urgency, need to accomplish as much as possible in a short period of time, very competitive and achievement oriented. 85% are type A. Type B- Takes things in stride, not too much emphasis on time or quickness, calm, relaxed, easy going.

12. Anxiety~ is the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen. • Symptoms: fear, perspiration, restlessness, increased heart rate. • Coping: Stress management techniques (relax, exercise)

13. Depression~ a prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness. • Two Types of Depression: • Reactive Depression- response to stressful event (death) • Major Depression- medical condition requiring treatment (last longer)

14. Causes of Depression • Inability to cope with life crisis • Changes in brain structure • Genetic predisposition • Low serotonin levels • Traumatic family events • Physical illness or disorders • Alcohol or drug use

15. Symptoms

16. Risks of Depression • School performance-tend to be tired, difficulty concentrating • Social Isolation- withdraw from family and friends • Drug Addictions-depend on drugs to alter mood • Other addictions-depend on certain behaviors • Physical illnesses-Immune system is suppressed • Mental disorders-Increase risk for many mental disorders • Suicide attempts

17. Resiliency~is the ability to adapt effectively and recover from disappointment; crisis. • Factors: • External Factors- family, friends, community. • Internal Factors- your attitude, beliefs, behaviors, perceptions. Proactive Factors-conditions that shield individuals from the negative consequences or exposure to risk. Developmental Assets- building blocks of development that help young people grow up as healthy, caring, responsible individuals.

18. Therapy Methods • Psychotherapy- an on going dialogue between a patient and a mental health professional. • Behavior Therapy- treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements. • Cognitive Therapy- treatment method designed to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome. • Group Therapy- treating a group of people who have similar problems and who meet regularly with a trained counselor. • Biomedical Therapy- use of certain medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder.

19. Suicide • Suicide- Intentionally taking of one’s own life • Some teens view suicide as a way to end depression, or a way to escape problems • Cluster Suicides- a series of suicides occurring over a short period of time and involving people who are connected in some way

20. Risk Factor For Suicide • Prior suicide attempt • Having a psychiatric disorder, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorder • Alcohol or substance abuse • Family history of mental disorders or substance abuse • Family history of suicide • Family violence, including physical or sexual abuse • Firearms in the home • Significant medical illness: Ex. Cancer

21. Early warning Signs of Suicide • Talking about suicide • Withdrawing from social contact • Wide mood swings • Preoccupation with death and dying • Changes in normal routine; sleeping patterns, eating • Personality changes • Risky or self destructive behaviors • Giving away prized belongings • Saying goodbye to people as if they wont see them again

22. Statistics “Suicide is a major, preventable health problem. In 2004, it was the 11th leading cause of death in the U.S., accounting for 32,439 deaths. The overall rate was 10.9 suicide deaths per 100,000 people. An estimated 8-25 attempted suicides occur per every suicide death” -National Institute of Mental Health (2004)