Unit 4: Sensation and Perception

1. Unit 4:Sensation and Perception

2. Unit Overview • Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles • Vision • Hearing • Other Senses • Perceptual Organization • Perceptual Interpretation • Is there Extrasensory Perception? Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

3. Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles

4. Introduction • Sensation • Perception • Are one continuous process

5. Introduction • Bottom-up processing • Top-down processing

6. Selective Attention • Selective Attention • Cocktail party effect

7. Selective AttentionSelective Attention and Accidents • Cell phone use and car accidents

8. Selective AttentionSelective Inattention • Inattentional blindness

9. Selective AttentionSelective Inattention • Change blindness • Change deafness • Choice blindness • Choice-choice blindness • Pop-out

10. Thresholds • Psychophysics

11. ThresholdsAbsolute Thresholds • Absolute threshold • 50 % of the time

12. ThresholdsSignal Detection • Signal-detection theory • Ratio of “hits” to “false alarms”

13. ThresholdsSubliminal Stimulation • Subliminal (below threshold) • Priming • Masking stimulus • Subliminal persuasion

14. ThresholdsDifference Thresholds • Difference threshold • Just noticeable difference (jnd) Demonstration 1: I need a volunteer!!! • Weber’s Law

15. Sensory Adaptation • Sensory Adaptation • Informative changes • Reality versus usefulness

16. Vision

17. The Stimulus Input: Light Energy • Transduction (transform) • Wavelength • Hue (color) • Wavelength • Intensity • Wave amplitude

18. Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum

19. The Physical Property of Waves

20. The Eye • Cornea • Pupil • Iris • Lens • accommodation • Retina

21. The Structure of the Eye Retina = the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

22. The EyeThe Retina • Rods and Cones Rods Cones

23. Rods versus Cones

24. The Retina’s Reaction to Light

25. The EyeThe Retina • Optic nerve • Blind spot • Fovea

26. The Structure of the Eye Optic Nerve = the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

27. Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex

28. Visual Information ProcessingFeature Detection • Feature detectors

29. Visual Information ProcessingParallel Processing • Parallel processing • Blind sight

30. Visual information processing

31. Color Vision • Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory • Red – Green - Blue • Monochromatic vision • Dichromatic vision

32. Color Vision • Opponent-process theory • Three sets of colors • Red-green • Blue-yellow • Black-white • Afterimage

33. Hearing

34. The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves • Audition • Amplitude • loudness • Frequency • Pitch

35. The Ear • Outer ear • Auditory canal • Ear drum

36. The structure of the ear Eardrum = tight membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves.

37. The structure of the ear Eardrum

38. The Ear • Middle ear • Hammer, anvil, stirrup

39. The structure of the ear Bones of the middle ear = the hammer, anvil, stirrup which vibrate with the eardrum.

40. The structure of the ear Stirrup

41. The Ear • Inner ear • Oval window • Cochlea • Basilar membrane • Auditory nerve • Auditory cortex

42. The structure of the ear Auditory nerve

43. Neural impulse to the brain

44. The EarPerceiving Loudness • Basilar membrane’s hair cells • Compressed sound

45. Cochlea and loud sounds

46. The EarPerceiving Pitch • Place theory • High pitched sounds • Frequency theory • Low pitched sounds • Volley principle Aim: How do we process our senses?

47. The EarLocating Sounds • Stereophonic hearing • Localization of sounds • Intensity • Speed of the sound *** I need a volunteer

48. Hearing Loss and Deaf Culture 10 Minute video • Hearing loss • Conduction hearing loss • Sensorineural hearing loss • Cochlea implant • Signing

49. Other Senses

50. Touch • Types of touch • Pressure • Warmth • Cold • Pain • Sensation of hot