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18 th Century Popular Culture. Popular Literature. Designed for those who could barely read or what was going to be read aloud. Three main forms: Religious and superstitious works Almanacs Entertainment – satire, tales, fables. Oral traditions continued with stories of daily life.
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Popular Literature • Designed for those who could barely read or what was going to be read aloud. • Three main forms: • Religious and superstitious works • Almanacs • Entertainment – satire, tales, fables. • Oral traditions continued with stories of daily life.
Education • Religious wars increased literacy and education across Europe (particularly in Protestant nations) • Schooling was designed to maintain the social order and piety. • Many peasants opposed sending their children to school when they could help the family work.
Education • Education in Western Europe was driven by demand and the needs of the community. • In Prussia and Austria, education became a state function • Austria – Habsburg General School Ordinance of 1774. • Schools in every parish. • Train teachers • Education was said to be compulsory • Prussia – Frederick the Great enacted similar reforms with less enthusiasm.
Recreation • The spread of pubs and taverns became popular. • Festivals continued to be of importance. • First “spectator sports” become popular. • Blood sports such as boxing and cock fighting mixed with gambling popular with commoners. • Horse racing also popular. • Growing separation between elite and masses in entertainment.