Dissolving Process

1. Dissolving Process • Polarity • The polarity of the solute and solvent has a great impact on whether they will dissolve • Like dissolves like (polar dissolves polar) • Miscible – two or more liquids that are able to dissolve into each other in various proportions. • Immiscible – two or more liquids that do not mix with each other.

2. How to dissolve immiscible liquids • A compound that concentrates at the boundary surface between two immiscible phases. It has a polar end and a nonpolar end. • Example is a • Any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispensed in the other. Surfactant detergent Emulsion

3. Dissolving Process • Surface area • Smaller the surface area, the faster the solute will dissolve • Agitation (stirring) increases the rate of dissolving • Temperature • Temperature affects solubility • For solids and liquids, increase temperature = increase in solubility • When gases are involved, an increase in temperature = decrease in solubility.

4. Solubility Graph

5. Saturation • A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the current conditions. • A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution and is able to dissolve additional solute. • A solution that contains more solute than what is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature Saturated solution Unsaturated solution Supersaturated solution

6. Unsaturated verses Saturated

7. Henry’s Law • The law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid. • The higher the pressure of the gas, the higher its solubility. Brownian Motion • The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid.