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Project “Good Fruit”

Project “Good Fruit”. Apple storage investigations in Latvia. Pure Horticultural Research Centre. 1989-1993 Adaptation of express methods of harvest maturity detection for use in Latvian climatic conditions

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Project “Good Fruit”

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  1. Project “Good Fruit”

  2. Apple storage investigations in Latvia Pure Horticultural Research Centre

  3. 1989-1993 Adaptation of express methods of harvest maturity detection for use in Latvian climatic conditions First trials for apple storage in conventional atmosphere in relation with fruit harvest maturity Part of Latvian Science Council financed research project of fruit cultivar investigations 1997 – 1999 Optimum fruit harvest maturity indications for apple storage in conventional atmosphere Part of National Research Program in cooperation with Dobele State Horticulture Breeding Station 2002-2004 Optimum fruit harvest maturity indications for storage in conventional atmosphere National research project of Ministry of Education and Science TOP 02-81

  4. 2003 – 2004 • Final stage of investigations for optimum fruit harvest maturity indications in conventional atmosphere • Fruit harvest maturity and safe storage duration recommendations for Latvian commercial apple cultivars in conventional atmosphere • Training of Consultative Service advisers in practical use of apple maturity testing methods and storage recommendations worked out • First screening of local apple cultivars under controlled atmosphere • First screening of combined storage possibility (conventional atmosphere with following moving in CA) Research project ordered by Latvian Agriculture Consultative Service

  5. In conventional atmosphere: Storability of 30 cultivars on different rootstocks tested At present we can reach maximum storage duration till end of June for cultivars `Belorusskoye Malinovoye`, `Alesya`, `Antey` and `Sinap Orlovskiy` For each tested cultivar we found optimum harvest maturity degree to ensue maximal marketing quality of fruits (appearance, aroma, flavour, crispiness, juiciness) We can predict potential storability for each tested cultivar and manage consumers providing with fruits in the optimum quality condition We can significantly decrease fungal and physiological diseases during storage without additional postharvest chemical treatment

  6. Problems in conventional atmosphere: Shelf-life for local apple fruits stored in conventional atmosphere is too short. At least 7-10 days is needed. It was not possible to keep local apple cultivars during July – August in conventional atmosphere. Fruits lose their juiciness and crispiness.

  7. Controlled atmosphere General problems: Time period in conventional atmosphere conditions for partial degradation of acidity is needed to reach appropriate consumption quality. It depends on cultivar Most part of local apple cultivars has too high acid content If external or internal quality defects developed, they are irreversible

  8. Temperature +2 oC Humidity 90...95%

  9. Reaction on gas composition was cultivar specific * Switching to anaerobe respiration cycle, acetone aroma - `Spartan`, `Pervinka` * Scald development - `Sinap Orlovskiy`, `Orlik` *Internal flesh browning - `Cardinal` *Mealy flesh structure - `Belorusskoye Malinovoye`, `Antey`, `Imrus`, `Sinap Orlovskiy` *Bitter taste - `Aivarins`

  10. *Green ground colour of skin -`Tellisaare`, `Belorusskoye Malinovoye`, `Sinap Orlovskiy`, `Orlik` *Completely loss of aroma - `Merrygold` *Unacceptable acid taste - `Bogatir`, `Sinap Orlovskij` *High CO2 level needed- `Lawfam`, `Belorusskoye Malinovoye`, `Merrygold`, `Rubin` (from Kazachstan)

  11. Storability of cultivar in controlled atmosphere conditions is not related with natural fruit ripening and physiological ageing period of cultivar. The storage duration of natural late autumn cultivars `Orlik`, `Auksis`, `Merrygold`, `Saltanat` under controlled atmosphere condition was the same as for natural late winter cultivar `Sinap Orlovskiy` stored in conventional atmosphere.

  12. Flesh firmness in controlled atmosphere remains better than in conventional atmosphere, but it depends on cultivar. Juiciness for subjective sense of taste was more significant. Appropriate gas regime can prevent specific physiological disorders, always developing for some cultivars during conventional atmosphere storage. For cultivar `Latkrimson` – bitter pit, for `Ilga` and `Rubin` (from Kazachstan) – physiological skin browning after hot summers.

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