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Ocean Environments. Two Basic Divisions. Benthic Zone – bottom Pelagic Zone - water. Benthic Zones. 1 . Intertidal Shallowest area Between the low and high tide lines Changing environment. Periwinkle. Fingernail Limpet. Barnacle mating. Buckshot Barnacles. Gooseneck Barnacles.
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Two Basic Divisions • Benthic Zone – bottom • Pelagic Zone - water
Benthic Zones 1. Intertidal • Shallowest area • Between the low and high tide lines • Changing environment
Barnacle mating Buckshot Barnacles
Mussel with barnacles on it Mussels Mussel with barnacles on it
Sea Urchin Sea star Sea weed Sea anemones – closed above water, open below water Chiton Seaweed
Benthic Zones • 2. Sublittoral • Always underwater • On continental shelf • Most variety of benthic life
Sponge with brittle star Coral
Brittle Stars Benthic Zones • Bathyal - starts at continental slope and extends to 4000 m - little or no sunlight - cold 4°C - very high pressure
Benthic Zones Tube worms • Abyssal - No sunlight - 4000 – 6000 m - On abyssal plain
Benthic Zones Foraminifera • Hadal • 6000m -11,000m • Trench
Pelagic Zone – water area • 2. Oceanic • water off of continental shelf • further divided into 5 areas based on depth • Neritic • water area above continental shelf
Neritic Zone Life Seahorse Angel fish Clown fish Bluefin Tuna Jellyfish Herring
Oceanic Zones • Epipelagic • Surface – 200 meters • Sunlight, warm
Firefly Squid Oceanic Zones • Mesopelagic • twilight zone - some light but no photosynthesis • 200 – 2000 meters • contains thermocline (large temperature change) • low-energy tissues and sluggish lifestyles to cope with low food energy, since no algae can grow. • Many animals are bioluminescent Cuttlefish
Ogrefish Deep Sea Angler Coelacanth
Pelagic Zones Giant Squid • Bathypelagic zone 2,000 – 4,000 meters Vampire Squid
Pelagic Zones Snipe Eel • Abyssopelagic zone - 4000 – 6000 meters • low oxygen, nutrients and food • Dark and cold Zoarcid Fish
Resources Anderson, Genny (2002). The splash zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/flspl.htm#top Allison, M., DeGaetano, A., & Pasachoff, J. (2006). Earth Science. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Monteray Bay Aquarium Online Field Guide Web site: http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hab=9 Flach, Author's first name initialEls, & Heip, Carlo (1996). Vertical distribution of macrozoobenthos within the sediment on the continental slope of the Globan spur area. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 141, 55-66. Monsters of the Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Sea and Sky Web site: http://www.seasky.org/deep-sea/creatures-menu.html Rager, Nicolle (2004). Sea Vent Viewer. Retrieved August 7, 2008, from Natinal Science Foundation Web site: http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/earth-environ/interact01.jsp Roach, John (2005, Feb. 3). Life Is Found Thriving at Ocean's Deepest Point. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from National Geographic News Web site: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.html Yancey, Paul (2008). Deep Sea Biology. Retrieved August 7, 2008, Web site: http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/deepsea.html Viau, Elizabeth A. (2003). The littoral zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from World Builders Web site: http://curriculum.calstatela.edu/courses/builders/lessons/less/les5/littoral.html