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18 MILE CREEK RESTORATION ***SOME PROJECT GOALS***

GOAL & FUNCTION-BASED DESIGN FOR RIPARIAN & STREAM SYSTEMS THE EIGHTEENMILE CREEK PROJECT PHASE I CONSTRUCTED AUG-SEPT 2003 PHASE II CONSTRUCTED JUNE 18-20, 2007 by Dave Derrick.

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18 MILE CREEK RESTORATION ***SOME PROJECT GOALS***

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  1. GOAL & FUNCTION-BASED DESIGN FOR RIPARIAN & STREAM SYSTEMSTHE EIGHTEENMILE CREEK PROJECT PHASE I CONSTRUCTED AUG-SEPT 2003PHASE II CONSTRUCTED JUNE 18-20, 2007by Dave Derrick

  2. EIGHTEENMILE CREEK IS A SUBURBAN, GRAVEL-COBBLE BED, POOL-RIFFLE-POOL REGIME STREAM IN A V-SHAPED VALLEY

  3. SOME ASPECTS OF THE 18 MILE CREEK PROJECT PHILOSOPHY*As much as possible, techniques used were developed by observing nature and natural processes.**Design team worked with existing stream alignment and materials that were available***Designers wanted to “work with” the stream (nudge, not fight) stream energy and stream tendencies

  4. 18 MILE CREEK RESTORATION ***SOME PROJECT GOALS*** • Aquatic habitat enhancement/restoration for Atlantic, Coho, and Chinook salmon, steelhead, Brown Trout, and bass. • In response to incredible fishing pressure (9,000 TO 11,000 fisher folks yearly during runs), access and ingress and egress to the stream, encouragement for recreators to wade, back cast space for fly fishermen, safety, aesthetics (a natural look), & access trails for emergency personnel/vehicles were all driving project goals • Stabilization of eroding banks and some riparian corridor vegetation (especially “leaning trees”) • Need to artificially carbon-load the carbon depleted areas, and integrate long-term carbon into the project • Re-establishment and enhancement of riparian buffer areas • Revegetate all disturbed areas, establish “tough” plants for high foot traffic areas • Minimize disturbance of downstream areas, especially with regard to habitat areas of T&E species Blanding’s Turtle

  5. The "Locked Limb/Locked Log" Concept • Consists of small trees and/or Small Woody Debris (SWD consisting of limbs, limbs with leaves, sections of small tree trunks, tree tops, etc.), anchored within or placed under structures, with limbs/logs protruding into deeper scoured areas to provide in-stream cover, vertical and horizontal structure, and areas of refugia. • Can be either hand- or machine-placed • Locked Limbs are typically less than 2” inches in diameter, Locked Logs are greater than 2 inches in diameter

  6. Pix by Derrick Close-up shot of the DS reference area, if you were a fish, where would you hang out? Is nature grand, or what?

  7. Pix by Derrick Locked Logs ready for stone riprap

  8. Everything is now “locked” in place with stone Pix by Derrick

  9. Pix by Derrick Row of Locked Logs

  10. Pix by Derrick Locked Limbs & Locked Logs - June 24, 2004

  11. 4 Years later June 18, 2007 Pix by Derrick

  12. From: www.E-SenSS.com Soil-Choked RIPRAP from John McCullah’s www.E-SenSS.com John

  13. Rooted stock plants waiting to be planted, 18 Mile Cr., {SUBURBAN, GRAVEL-COBBLE BED, POOL-RIFFLE-POOL REGIME STREAM IN A V-SHAPED VALLEY} Newfane, NY Mini case study: 1 of 4

  14. Rooted stock plants in place, ready for additional soil to choke riprap and surround plants Mini case study: 2 of 4

  15. “Sock” rooted stock plants placed within voids in riprap, then riprap “choked” with soil and seeded. Mini case study: 3 of 4

  16. June 24, 2004-Growing well a year later Mini case study: 4 of 4

  17. 4 Years later June 18, 2007 Pix by Derrick

  18. THE GREAT WALL OF NEWFANE

  19. Mini case study: 3 of 5 In this case a 100% spun coir mat, 700 grams/meter

  20. Mini case study: 4 of 5 Half a growing season later, June 24, 2004

  21. Mini case study: 5 of 5 Looking US, 3 growing seasons after installation, Aug 25, 2006 • PIX FROM PAUL FUHRMANN

  22. 4 growing seasons later, June 13, 2008 Pix by Derrick

  23. Pix by Derrick Looking US. 5 growing seasons later. Riparian plantings are robust, June 7, 2009

  24. 5 growing seasons later riparian plantings are robust. June 7, 2009 Pix by Derrick

  25. Hydraulic Cover Stones (HCS) Large single stones placed in a flowing channel. Three versions: 1.) Top of the stone set at an elevation slightly lower than the typical base-flow water surface elevation. When sited correctly, the accelerated flow over the top of the stone will change from subcritical to supercritical flow, & further downstream back to subcritical (usually with a weak hydraulic jump). The hydraulic jump will entrain air & aerate the stream. 2.) Stone crest set just below the base flow water surface elevation results in an acceleration of the water moving over the top of the stone, with “standing waves” forming downstream of the stone. 3.) Stone crest set slightly above the base flow water surface, resulting in a V-shaped wake and flow split with a double return eddy flow pattern DS of the stone. However, these stones might be used as perches for predators. The constant movement & rippling of the water from the three types of Hydraulic Cover Stones results in a type of cover, “hydraulic cover”, masking fish location from the view of predators. The stones also provide resting areas & in-channel refugee for fish during high energy, high-flow events. Hydraulic Cover Stones are especially useful in sections of the stream with little in-channel structure, or vegetative cover, or undercut banks.

  26. Natural Hydraulic Cover Stones on Elton Creek & Genesee River, NY Hydraulic Cover Stone at Elton Creek, NY Flow

  27. My sneaker Close-up of Large Stones, these were hand selected & are 3 ft by 3 ft with two sides flat.

  28. Here comes Jimmy with a Hydraulic Cover Stone!!!

  29. Note sediment near stone acting as a dye trace. Flow

  30. The first stone, lookin’ good and working hard!! Flow

  31. Functions of Hydraulic Cover Stones • Provides micro-topography (scour & deposition) • Provides diversity of velocities • Provides “hydraulic cover”, turbulence, return currents, eddy fences, internal distortion, pressure zones • Provides feeding lanes for fish • Provides shape cover & solid substrate for benthics • Provides refugia • Dissipates energy • Can aerate water, or de-gas super-saturated water

  32. Looking DS, note locations of Hydraulic Cover Stones during unusually low flow conditions

  33. Hydraulic Cover Stones provide improved aquatic habitat Hydraulic Cover Stones shown functioning 3 different ways !!!! Graphics courtesy of Ecology & Environment, Inc.

  34. Pix by Derrick

  35. An everyday fisherman said the best fishing was immediately US of these 3 Hydraulic Cover Stones which form a mini pool within a pool, so to speak Pix by Derrick I love this picture!!

  36. Flow from left to right, note weak hydraulic jump DS over the Hydraulic Cover Stone Pix by Derrick

  37. Flow from left to right, note wake from Hydraulic Cover Stones Pix by Derrick

  38. A nice brown trout caught among the Hydraulic Cover Stones

  39. Pix by Derrick Multi-Use Hydraulic Cover Stones, in this case a fisherman’s resting rock, (FRR) FRR Sometimes you just have to park it !!

  40. PHASE II OF THE EIGHTEENMILE CREEK PROJECT CONSTRUCTED JUNE 18-20, 2007

  41. PHASE II FUNCTIONS • Constructed immediately DS of the 2003 restoration project FUNCTIONS: • Narrowed stream to increase low flow velocities & provide cover, holding areas, solid substrate, and also allow off-channel areas to revegetate as emergent aquatic marshes • Provide access for fishermen • Provide aquatic habitat (diversity and complexity) • Provide hydraulic cover (disturbance of surface water, difficult for predators to see fish)

  42. Plan Drawing for Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007 The Traffic Control Stone Wall

  43. From overhead trestle, looking @ the DS end of the TCS wall. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

  44. THE FISHERMAN’S WALKING PATH(right bank)

  45. Plan Drawing for Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007 The Traffic Control Stone Wall The Fisherman’s path with a Single Stone Bendway Weir every 20 ft.

  46. Placing stones in compression on the underwater footer stones. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

  47. Flow from left, looking @ stones in compression. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick See the footer stone?

  48. Close-up of fisherman’s path stones in compression. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick See the footer stone?

  49. Vic with a Single Stone Bendway Weir. There is a SSBW every 20 ft jutting into the channel from the Fisherman’s path. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick

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