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Education Indicators

Mekong Institute & UNESCO Regional Office-Bangkok. Training Course on “ Training of Trainers from the Greater Mekong Sub-Region on Decentralized Education Planning in the Context of Public Sector Management Reform ”. Education Indicators. 23 February – 6 March 2009; Khon Kaen , Thailand.

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Education Indicators

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  1. Mekong Institute & UNESCO Regional Office-Bangkok Training Course on “Training of Trainers from the Greater Mekong Sub-Region on Decentralized Education Planning in the Context of Public Sector Management Reform” Education Indicators 23 February – 6 March 2009; KhonKaen, Thailand Module E3 Prepared by the Education Policy and Reform Unit UNESCO Bangkok February 2009

  2. Access and Coverage

  3. Access (1) • Gross Admission Rate # of new students enrolled in Grade 1 of Level 1 regardless of age ----------------------------------------------- population of official admission age to Level 1

  4. Access (2) • Net Admission Rate # of new students of official admission age to Level 1 enrolled in Grade 1 in Level 1 ---------------------------------------------------------- population of official admission age to Level 1

  5. Access (3) • Age-specific Admission Rate # of new students of age X enrolled in Grade 1 of Level 1 -------------------------------------------------population of age X NAR is a special case of AAR

  6. Access (4) • Transition Rate # of new students enrolled in Grade 1 of Level 2 in year t ------------------------------------------------- # of students enrolled in the final grade of Level 1 in year t-1 The base is NOT the population

  7. Coverage (1) • Gross Enrolment Rate # of students enrolled in a cycle regardless of age ------------------------------------------------- population of official age for this cycle

  8. Coverage (2) • Net Enrolment Rate # of students of official age enrolled in a cycle ---------------------------------------------------------- population of official age for this cycle

  9. Coverage (3) • Age-specific Enrolment Rate # of students of age X enrolled in schools regardless of cycle -------------------------------------------------population of age X

  10. Coverage (4) • Percentage of over-aged students # of over-aged students in a cycle ------------------------------------------------- # of total students in a cycle The base is NOT the population!!

  11. Coverage (5) • Percentage of students of non-official age # of students of non-official age in a cycle ------------------------------------------------- # of total students in a cycle Non-official age = Over-aged and under-aged

  12. Coverage (6) • Percentage of pupils out of school (population of official age for a cycle) – (#of students of official age in a cycle) -------------------------------------------------population of official age for a cycle

  13. Limitation • The indicators on access and coverage do not show the rate of going through the system; • Calculations requires detailed demographic data (for example, for different ages) • Certain type of data are not available regularly (example, census every ten years) • These indicators do not show the educational achievement • They may not show the real magnitude of the problem (for example, enrolment vs. enrolment rate) • International comparison needs to be made with caution taking into consideration the context.

  14. Efficiency • “optimal relationship between input and output” • with a given output with a minimum input • with a maximum output with a given input

  15. Efficiency in education (1) • Educational output • External efficiency • Knowledge, skills, attitudes, passing the final exam, passing the entrance exam of the next cycle, etc. • Internal efficiency • Maximum number of pupils who complete the cycle successfully within the prescribed period

  16. Efficiency in education (2) • Educational Input (pupil-year) • Human resources - school heads, teachers, school staff, etc. • Material resources – textbooks, classroom equipment, school furniture, school building, etc.

  17. Flow of Students Drop-out during 2006 Enrolment in Grade 1 in 2006 Repetition for Grade 1 in 2007 Promotion to Grade 2 in 2007

  18. Promotion Rate students promoted to Grade g+1in year t+1 ------------------------------------------------------- enrolment in Grade g in year t

  19. Repetition Rate students repeating Grade g in year t+1 ------------------------------------------------------- enrolment in Grade g in year t

  20. Drop-out Rate students dropping out of Grade g during year t ------------------------------------------------------- enrolment in Grade g in year t

  21. Flow rates Promotion Rate 100% Repetition Rate Drop-out Rate

  22. Cohort • cohort – a group of persons who jointly experience a series of events over a period of time • school cohort – a group of students who enter the first grade of a given cycle in the same school year and subsequently experience promotion, repetition, drop-out, or successful completion of the final grade

  23. Assumptions • No additional new entrants • Hypothesis of homogeneous behaviour regardless of previous behaviour • Definition of the limit of the number of repeating • Same flow rates through years

  24. Wastage ratio actual input/output ratio ------------------------------------- ideal input/output ratio where student-years going through the system actual input/output ratio = ------------------------------------------------ successful “completers”

  25. Survival rate total students promoted in successive years -------------------------------------------------- Initial numbers in the cohort

  26. Average duration of study per graduate Grads_1 x Y + Grads_2 x (Y +1) + Grads_3 x (Y+2) + etc.. -------------------------------------------------------------- total graduates produced where Y = prescribed number of years to graduate

  27. Proportion of total wastage accounted for by drop-outs DO1 x 1 + DO2 x 2 + DO3 x 3 + DO4 x 4 + DO5 x 5 + etc ----------------------------------------------------------- (total student-years) – (success grads. x ideal years to graduate)

  28. The Concept of Quality (1) • Quality of the “inputs” • adequate human, material & curriculum resources • Quality of the “process” • internal efficiency • school functioning

  29. The Concept of Quality (2) • Quality of the “outputs” • achievement • in knowledge, skills and values • Quality of the “outcomes” • external efficiency • impact on personal and social development

  30. Indicators of Quality (1) • Quality of the “inputs” • % of qualified teachers • student/classroom ratio • student/textbook ratio • Quality of the “process” • repetition, drop-out, promotion rate • survival rate • % of schools with functioning PTAs • student attendance rate

  31. Indicators of Quality (2) • Quality of the “outputs” • examination results • achievement test results • Literacy rate • Quality of the “outcomes” • % unemployed among primary, secondary, university graduates

  32. Thank You

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