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Electricity: A Mysterious Force

Electricity: A Mysterious Force. By: Mrs. Hennigan Minot Forest Elementary School November 10, 2007. Atoms. Building blocks of the universe Millions would fit on the head of a pin! Made up of particles: Protons (+) Neutrons (no charge)

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Electricity: A Mysterious Force

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  1. Electricity: A Mysterious Force By: Mrs. Hennigan Minot Forest Elementary School November 10, 2007

  2. Atoms • Building blocks of the universe • Millions would fit on the head of a pin! • Made up of particles: • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) spin around the nucleus (center of the atom)

  3. Protons (+) and Electrons (-) are attracted to each other They carry an electrical charge Electrical force keeps the electrons in their shells, or orbits Electricity: moving electrons Opposites Attract

  4. How are magnets like protons and neutrons?

  5. When all the atoms of a substance are the same they are called elements Example: all the atoms of oxygen are the same The number of protons determines the element Oxygen’s atomic number is 8 Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1 What molecule is this? Elements

  6. Electrons are forced to move from one atom to another You can rub electrons off a balloon The electrons move into your hair! Shocking! Bad Hair Day! Static Electricity

  7. A form of electricity Electrons move from one cloud to another or jump from a cloud to the ground Lightning

  8. Batteries • 2 different metals in a chemical solution • Chemical reaction causes electrons to move • Each end of the battery connects to a metal • Positive charged end: releasesmore electrons • Negative charged end: releases less electrons • Strength of a battery-measured in volts

  9. Electricity Travels in Circuits • Current is the flow of electricity in a path, or circuit • Open circuit: no flow • Closed circuit: flow • Electricity flows through wire and lights the bulb • How can you open and close a circuit in our classroom? A switch opens and closes a circuit.

  10. Series and Parallel Circuits • Bulbs connected in series have only one path for the current • Bulbs connected in parallel have two paths for the current • Are your Christmas tree lights connected in a series or parallel circuit? • Series Series circuit Parallel circuit

  11. Schematics of Circuits Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

  12. What are: Solid Conductors? • Conductors: any object that allows electrical current to flow though it. • Wire is the most common conductor in a circuit • Non-conductors: do not allow electrical current to flow. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bitesize/science/activities/circuits_conductors.swf

  13. Liquid Conductors • Which liquids conduct electricity? • Which liquids are the best conductors? • Which solution is a non-conductor? • Water • Water and salt solution • Water and sugar solution • Water and baking soda solution

  14. Resistance to the flow • Would the same amount of water forced through pipes move slower in a larger pipe or a smaller pipe?

  15. Resistance: when the flow of electrons is slowed down Different metals have different resistance Which has the least resistance ? Copper Aluminum silver Which has more resistance-thick or thin wire? Which has more resistance- longer or shorter lengths of wire? Electrical Resistance

  16. Fuses • When electrons meet under resistance, this causes friction with the matter (conductor). • This friction causes heat. • If there is too much heat, the conductor melts. • Fuses are a device that has a wire inside them that melts and breaks if there is too much heat. • This stops the flow of electricity and prevents fire!

  17. Parts of a Light Bulb • Filament: coiled wire that heat up but does not melt • Support wires: hold the filament in place • Insulator (non-conductor): prevents overheating • Gas: helps keep the filament from evaporating • Glass bead: separates the wires

  18. Volt Battery Series circuit Parallel circuit Current Switch Resistance ELECTRICITY Insulator Conductor Circuit Atom Electron Proton Neutron Nucleus Review the Vocabulary

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