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Operational Ice Monitoring Requirements

Learn about operational ice services, data characteristics, trends, and future requirements to support marine safety, navigation, commerce, and environmental protection in ice-covered waters.

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Operational Ice Monitoring Requirements

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  1. Environment Canada Environnement Canada • Operational Ice Monitoring Requirements Mike Manore Canadian Ice Service Meteorological Service of Canada

  2. Outline • Operational Ice Services • Information Requirements • Characteristics of Operational Data • Operational Trends • Gaps/Future Requirements

  3. Operational Ice Services - 5 Ws • Who? • primarily national meteorological agencies and/or military • sometimes research labs, maritime safety agencies • What? • 0.25  90 people • $10k  $15M • Where? • ≈ 20-25 regionally-based services – focus on national waters • exception – US National Ice Center – global ice charting mission • primary interest is marginal ice zone • When? • primarily to support navigation – seasonal temporal coverage • products - daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, seasonal • Why? • publicly funded for public good objectives

  4. Operational Ice Services – Why? • Ice information to support: • marine safety • avoid ice hazards • navigate safely in ice when required • marine commerce • permit shipping where otherwise not feasible • support year-round operations, regional economic development • efficiency of ship routing, icebreaker deployments • environmental protection • reduce risk of oil spills from ship damage • numerical weather prediction • environmental knowledge • support for regulation and policy development • science, sovereignty, tourism, adventurers, ….

  5. July - October Thule Resolute June - November Inuvik Iqaluit July - October Goose Bay Canadian Ice Service Areas of Coverage (Seasonal) Major Shipping Routes Ottawa Toronto Operational Ice Services Example - CIS Mission • Area of interest -wherever there is icein Canadian waters; • biased to shipping activity in MIZ • Tactical and strategic ice information • focus on: • ice extent • concentration • type • hazardous pressure situations December - May

  6. Satellite Optical NOAA AVHRR DMSP OLS Microwave RADARSAT ENVISAT QUIKSCAT DMSP SSM/I Airborne Visual Obs SLAR/SAR Surface Buoys Ship Reports Shore Obs Models Marine weather Ice FICN11 CWIS 181450 ICEBERG BULLETIN FOR EAST COAST WATERS AND THE STRAIT OF BELLE ISLE AND ITS APPROACHES ISSUED BY ENVIRONMENT CANADA FROM CANADIAN ICE SERVICE IN OTTAWA AT 1500 UTC WEDNESDAY 18 OCTOBER 2000. Data to Ice Information Products Image Products Analysed images Chart Products Daily tactical ice analyses Weekly strategic ice analyses Climatological Products Ice Atlases Normals / Extremes Text Products Ice hazard warnings 30-day forecasts Seasonal Outlooks

  7. CIS Ice Charts Daily and weekly

  8. Ice Information Services: Socio-Economic Benefits and Earth Observation Requirements Prepared for: The Group on Earth Observation (GEO) and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Prepared by: The International Ice Charting Working Group With funding from: The European Space Agency, GSE Contract 17062, “The Northern View” September 2004

  9. Information Requirements for Key Ice Features(adapted from CEOS, WMO, WCRP, ESA-GMES) Optimum Future Value (Current Threshold Value)

  10. Information Requirements for Key Ice Features (cont’d) Optimum Future Value (Current Threshold Value)

  11. Characteristics of Operational Data • near-real-time • <1h – 6h delivery to analysis site; <2h – 6h delivery to ships • frequent, reliable revisit periods • wide swath or multiple sensors • all weather capability desirable • diversity of observations • microwave, optical, thermal • high resolution is desirable • ice typing requires fracture, floe shape information • many navigation hazards are < 50m in size, narrow channels • data continuity • operational satellite series (10-15+ years) • multiple satellites, operational redundancy • investment in infrastructure

  12. Operational Trends • increasing volume and complexity of data • multi-satellites, multi-channel data not manageable by human analysts • higher-resolution, coupled NWP and ice models • demand for systematic ice observations suitable for assimilation • requires validated, calibrated instruments and retrievals • convergence of sensors suitable for science and operations - NPOESS  increasing convergence of operational and science observational requirements

  13. Operational Trends • increasing international cooperation • data access and sharing • standards • nomenclature, analysis practices • data exchange and interoperability • value of operational data streams and archive • imagery and analyses • increased convergence and exploitation welcomed

  14. Gaps/Future Requirements • high-resolution - revisit and continuity • SAR follow-missions • multiple satellites for revisit and operational redundancy • high-resolution, multi-pol for iceberg detection and classification • routine data fusion/data integration products • e.g. microwave + optical/thermal, scatterometer + radiometer • resolution, temporal, and coverage differences between data types need to be handled • quantitative retrievals for model assimilation • validated algorithms + error characteristics • ice thickness • at operational scales and timeframes

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