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ENIAC, first US Electronic Computer, 1946

ENIAC, first US Electronic Computer, 1946. ENIAC “circuit board”. Intel 4004, 60 kilohertz. The Intel 4004 microprocessor, which was introduced in 1971. The 4004 contained only 2300 transistors and performed 60,000 calculations per second. Courtesy: Intel.

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ENIAC, first US Electronic Computer, 1946

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  1. ENIAC, first US Electronic Computer, 1946

  2. ENIAC “circuit board”

  3. Intel 4004, 60 kilohertz The Intel 4004 microprocessor, which was introduced in 1971. The 4004 contained only 2300 transistors and performed 60,000 calculations per second. Courtesy: Intel.

  4. Babbage’s Differential Engine(1830)

  5. Pascal’s 1642 Arithmetic Engine In 1640, Pascal started developing a device to help his father add sums of money. The first operating model, the Arithmetic Machine, was introduced in 1642, and Pascal created fifty more devices over the next ten years. (In 1658, Pascal created a scandalwhen, under the pseudonym of Amos Dettonville, he challenged other mathematicians to a contest and then awarded the prize to himself!)

  6. Some of the early milestones in small computers • 1975 Bill Gates founded Microsoft • 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built the first Apple I • 1977 the Apple II came out for $1300 • 1977 Commadore and the Tandy/Radio Shack (TRS-80) computers came out • 1981 First IBM PC (8088 architecture)

  7. How things change • In 1975, an IBM mainframe computer that could perform 10,000,000 instructions per second (10 MegaHertz) cost around $10,000,000. In • 1995 (only twenty years later), a computer video game capable of performing 500,000,000 (500 MegaHertz) instructions per second was available for approximately $500! • In 2006 a 3 GigaHertz processor (3,000,000,000 instructions per second) costs around $1200

  8. A punch card machine, a card reader, and a card…

  9. NASA’s fastest computer • Wed, 27 Oct 2004 - NASA unveiled its new supercomputer on Tuesday, which took the lead as the fasted computer in the world. Named "Columbia", to commemorate the space shuttle, the supercomputer is built up from 10,240 Itanium 2 processors, and is capable of 42.7 teraflops (trillion calculations per second).

  10. The fastest computers… • Rank Site (www.top500.org) • Computer Processors/Year/Rmax/ Rpeak • DOE/NNSA/LLNLUnited States BlueGene/L - eServer Blue Gene Solution IBM 131072 2005 280600 367,000,000,000,000 • IBM Thomas J. Watson Research CenterUnited States BGW - eServer Blue Gene Solution IBM 40960 2005 91290 114,688,000,000,000 • DOE/NNSA/LLNLUnited States ASC Purple - eServer pSeries p5 575 1.9 GHz IBM 10240 2005 63390 77,824,000,000,000 • NASA/Ames Research Center/NASUnited States Columbia - SGI Altix 1.5 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband SGI 10160 2004 51870 60,960,000,000,000 • Sandia National LaboratoriesUnited States Thunderbird - PowerEdge 1850, 3.6 GHz, Infiniband Dell 8000 2005 38270 64,512,000,000,000 • So the DOE/NNSA/LLNL supercomputer has 131,072 processorsWas built in 2005,and had a peak performance of 367,000,000,000,000 calculations per second.

  11. Thomas Edison built an “invention factory” to turn out a new invention every 10 days. At one point he and his company received a new patent every 5 days for 4 straight years! Edison received 1093 patents A patent is a legal way of protecting your ideas Lots of patents

  12. Founder of FIRST(For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) • 150 patents • Founded FIRST • Developed the Segway “people transporter” • Developed a wheel chair that could climb stairs • Developed a kidney dialysis machine the size of a suitcase.

  13. Computers in Everything • Can you list some places that computers (even if they don’t look like computers) could be found in your home, school, or local stores?

  14. House Alarm systems Phones Microwaves Refrigerators Heating/cooling systems DVD players/iPods Televisions Computers Printers Radios Water, gas, electric meters Cars Elevator controls Traffic signal controls Telecommunications Mail sorting at the Post Office GPS (global positioning systems) Weather stations Network systems Computers everywhere

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