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Chemical Foundations

Chemical Foundations. Units. Mass kilogram kg Length meter m Time second s Temperature kelvin K Amount of substance mole mol Volume ( not official SI unit) liter L. Prefixes. mega M 10 6 kilo k 10 3 hecto h 10 2 deka da 10 1

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Chemical Foundations

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  1. Chemical Foundations

  2. Units Mass kilogram kg Length meter m Time second s Temperature kelvin K Amount of substance mole mol Volume (not official SI unit) liter L

  3. Prefixes mega M 106 kilo k 103 hecto h 102 deka da 101 base unit (grams, meters, liters, seconds, etc) deci d 10-1 denti c 10-2 milli m 10-3 micro m 10-6 nano n 10-9

  4. Precision and accuracy • Precision Same answer over and over Not necessarily correct • Accuracy Correct answer

  5. Significant figures • Nonzero numbers • Zeros Beginning zeros are never significant Sandwiched zeros are always significant Ending zeros are significant only if there is a stated decimal • Counting numbers have infinite significance • Numbers before the ‘X’ are significant in scientific notation

  6. Sig Figs in Math • Adding or subtracting? Round to least number of decimals ex. 4.51730 8.0 + 6.234 18.7513  18.8 • Multiplying or dividing? Round to least number of sig figs ex. 2.30 X 14.0058 = 32.21334  32.2

  7. Dimensional AnalysisorUnits, Units, Units, Units, Units, Units 75 mi/hr = ? in/s 75 mi 5280 ft 12 in 1 hr 1 min = 1300 in hr 1 mi 1 ft 60 min 60 sec sec

  8. Classification of Matter[anything with mass and volume] States solid liquid gas Pure substances element compound Homogeneous or heterogeneous uniform composition visible parts

  9. elements • pure substance • cannot be decomposed into simpler substances • building blocks, “Legos” • unique properties • representative particle-------atom • symbols

  10. compounds • pure substances • 2 + elements • always combined in same proportions • new properties • not easily divided • representative particle-----molecule or formula unit • formulas

  11. 2 X 103 mockingbirds = 2 kilomockingbirds 10 cards = 1 decacards 1 boo2 = 1 boo boo 10-2 mentals = 1 centimental 10-2 pedes = 1 centipede 10-6 phones = 1 microphone 10-9 goats = 1 nanogoat (nanny) 109 aggies = 1 giga aggies 1012 microphones = 1 mega phone 10 millepedes = 1 centipede 106 bicycles = 2 megacycles

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