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ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS

ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS. EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGES 1. Seed production 2. Seed dispersal 3. Broad leafs-loose leaves 4. Root modified for storage. ANGIOSPERMS VS GYMNOSPERMS. Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm 1. Xylem in abundance 1. Mostly tracheids

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ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS

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  1. ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS • EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGES • 1. Seed production • 2. Seed dispersal • 3. Broad leafs-loose leaves • 4. Root modified for storage

  2. ANGIOSPERMS VS GYMNOSPERMS • Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm • 1. Xylem in abundance 1. Mostly tracheids • 2. Flowers and fruit 2. Naked seed-cone • 3. Form pistil for pollen tube 3. Grows directly to ovule • 4. Triploid endosperm 4. Haploid endosperm • 5. Have vessels-long narrow 5. Have tracheids • 6. Leaves lost in cold climates

  3. MONOCOTS • 1. Monocotyledones: lilies, grasses, cattails, palms • a. Leaves exhibit parallel veins • b. Flower parts in threes or multiples of 3 • c. Embryos have one cotyledon • d. Monocots more often possess swollen underground storage • e. Endosperm usually present in mature monocot • h. Scattered vascular bundles • i. No secondary growth

  4. FLOWERS • A. Corolla- petals • 1. Composed of petals • 2. Functions to attract pollinators to flower • B. Calyx • 1. Composed of sepals • 2. Similarities in leaves and sepals, share common evolutionary origin • a. Pattern of veins • b. Coloration and form • C. Carpel-traditionally called pistil(female) • 1. Primitive plants have leaf like carpels • 2. Slender style between ovary and receptive stigma • 3. Ovary • a. Megasporangium(2N) • b. Meiosis produces megaspores • c. Develop into ovules • 1. 2 polar nuclei(2N total) • 2. 1 egg nuclei(N)

  5. D. Stamen(male) • 1. Composed of filament plus anther • 2. Pollen produced in and matures in anthers • 3 Anther contains microsporangia or pollen sacs • a. Microspore mother cells produce microspores-develop into pollen grains • b. Mature microgametophytes • 1. Two are sperm nuclei • 2. Third is tube nucleus that grows into pollen tube • 3. Pollen carried by numerous animals • E. Enhanced by various reward systems like nectar from nectaries F. Evolution of floral characteristics associated with pollination

  6. DICOT • Dicotyledones: trees, shrubs, snapdragons, mints • a. Leaves exhibit netlike veins • b. Flower parts in fours or five's or multiples • c. Embryos have two cotyledon-starch and food source for embryo • d. No endosperm in mature seed • e. Concentrated vascular tissue • f. Cambium provides secondary growth

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