What to Know about mental Health Problems

1. What to Know about mental Health Problems Chapter 2

3. What to know about mental health problems • Most people with mental illness improve with treatment. Many can be cured. • FACT • Most people with mental illness can’t be helped. • MYTH

4. Common Challenges for teens • The teen years are a time of changes and new experiences. • Challenges for one teen might be easy for another. • This can raise their risk for mental health problems.

5. 1. Personal Traits & Experiences • Mood, temperament and biology. • How resilient you are. • Body image • Having a realistic sense of their own bodies. • Drug Use • Emotionally healthy people are able to refuse offers to use drugs even from friends. • Desire to take risks • Risk taking is normal part of teens. By pushing limits, you people learn who they are and what they can do. • Losses • Are always painful-it is the way you find support to help you cope.

6. 2. Social Issues • Family Issues • Friendships and romantic relationships • Sexual Issues • Friends taking risks • School • Too much information • Transitions

7. 3. Environmental Challenges • Violence • Media • Lack of resources

8. Competition • The competitive landscape • Provide an overview of product competitors, and their strengths and weaknesses • Position each competitor’s product against the new product

9. Stress • Get in a group of 3-4 students. • Make a list of what causes stress in your lives. • Is it good stress or bad stress?

10. The role of STRESS • Stress is a bad thing. • MYTH • Stress is unavoidable. How people view and react to stress has a significant impact on whether is affects them negatively or positively. • FACT

11. Stress is… • The body’s reaction to change or to any physical or mental DEMAND. • Stressors are events, situations or thoughts, both positive and negative that CAUSE stress. • Learning to identify and respond to stress is a key skill for staying healthy.

12. 1. Types of Stressors • Catastrophic events: • Are sudden events that are often life threatening. • They push people to their limits. • Examples: natural disasters – earthquakes, tornadoes, fires, floods, hurricanes. Also wars, violent physical attacks and vehicle accidents. • May feel effects long after the event has ended. • May feel a need to avoid places or people that remind them of the event.

13. 2. Types of Stressors • Major Life Events: • Big change or new situation in a person’s life. • Examples: going to a new school, having an older sibling move out, parents divorcing, death of a family member or close friend, and serious injury or illness.

14. 3. Daily Hassles • The everyday routine. Problems of daily life can be stressors. • Examples: Arguments with friends and family, lack of sleep, have a demanding or boring job, and feeling pressure about schoolwork. • May be minor but can add up over time.

15. Eustress • Is positive stress – changes or challenges that are neutral or even beneficial in nature. • Is associated with productivity and life satisfaction. • Motivate you to work hard on an approaching deadline. • Examples: earning an “A” on a test, winning the big game, birth in the family, and a proposal.

16. Distress • Negative Stress • It interferes with your ability to perform throughout the day and can be harmful to your health. • Examples: Earning a “F” on a test, arguments, break-ups, death, divorce, frustration, and being overwhelmed.

17. The body’s response to Stress • Hormones: chemicals that affect body function. • A treat triggers a strong response – brain signals release of stress hormones – help body to react –HR increase – breathing gets faster – mind focuses – reaction time speeds up – once stressful situation is over – body returns to normal. • Stressors can be constant and the body’s response may not get switched off & can affect many organ systems.

18. Stress Signals • Crying easily & for no reason • Mood swings • Restlessness • Headaches • Dizziness • Biting nails • Dry mouth • Loss of appetite • Nausea, stomachaches • Trouble sleeping

19. Chronic ongoing stress can affect… • Growth: • Interfere with the hormones & other chemicals needed for normal growth. • Digestion: • Stress hormone slow the release of stomach acids & emptying of the stomach. • Body doesn’t focus on digesting food. • Causes stomach aches, constipation & Diarrhea.

20. Chronic ongoing stress can affect… • Immune System: • Cortisol levels can stay high because of stress, parts of the immune system may switch off before it fights infection. • Chronic stress = more likely to get colds, flu and other illnesses. • Organs & Muscles: • Linked to high blood pressure, abnormal heartbeat, hardening of arteries and heart attack. • Skin problems may become worse like acne. • Tension from stress cause pain in neck, shoulders, and back muscles.

21. Chronic ongoing stress can affect… • Leads to serious health problems, even death. • It increases risk for obesity, depression, & other physical and mental illness. • Stressor include: • Wonder about risks of walking in an empty street. • Teen thinking about parents reaction if s/he come home late from party. • What you think & fell under stress: • Anxiety, tension • Constant worrying (about small things) • Feeling sad or hopeless • Feeling insecure • Overeating or under eating • Grumpiness, outburst

22. The “stress circuit” • Things that happen after brain sees an event as dangerous: • Hypothalamus: releases a hormone called corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH) • CRH signals the pituitary gland - adrenocortocotropin (ACTH) • ACTCH signal the adrenal glands to release stress hormones: • Epinephrine (adrenaline): increases blood pressure & HR, moves blood to muscle. • Norepinephrine: boosts attention & ability to respond to a threat. Triggers the release of sugar reserves in the body. Provides fast energy to fuel the muscles and brain. • Cortisol: triggers release of glucose or sugar. When treat is over sends message to the hypothalamus to stop producing CRH, and Circuit is switched off.

23. What is Feels Like: Physical Reactions to Stress • Here are some ways people feel the stress response: • Heart rate increases • Breathing rate increases • Metabolism speed up – max the amount of energy • Body temperature goes up • Sweating increases • Mouth gets dry – saliva decreases because digestive system slows down • Muscles become tense – fight or flee • Fatigue

24. Healthy Coping Strategies • Be active • Talk things out • Take things one step at a time • Done expect to win every time • Balance work and play • Take some time alone. • Keep things in perspective • Avoid use of ATOD • Quick Stress Reducers: • Inhale deeply through the nose. Hold breath for a few seconds. Then exhale very slowly through the mouth. Repeat a few times. • Take a shower • Listen to a favorite song • Take a walk outside • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-j5Z4E2wkh4

25. What is Mental Illness? • The American Psychiatric Association: • mental disorder: a behavioral or psychological pattern linked with distress or disability, or with an increased risk of death, pain, disability or loss of freedom. Affects people of all ages, social classes & family backgrounds. Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders or DSM – official classified mental disorders

26. Terms… Mental Health Problems: interfere with a person’s “emotional functioning” in some way. Mental disorders: are conditions that meet the guidelines for diagnosis, such as depression, bipolar disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. Mental Illness: another way to refer to any type of mental disorder.

27. Brain or Mind? • Brain-a physical organ of the body inside the skull. • It runs body functions needed for life, takes in information from senses, directs movement, and carries out thinking and learning. • Mind – thought of as the source of consciousness, self-awareness, intellect, reason, emotion, will an imagination. • The mind can function only when the brain is working.

28. What causes Mental Illness? • Biology • Injury, infection, poor nutrition & toxins • Environment • Heredity • Set of traits determined by a person’s genes. • Social circumstances • Family conflict or victim of violence • Personal experiences • Break-up of a relationship or close family or friend die • Cultural factors • Help define what behaviors & thoughts certain groups of people accept.

29. The Stigma of Mental Illness • A great deal of negative judgment surrounds mental illness. This causes many people to fear, reject, avoid living or working with, and discriminate against people who suffer from mental illness (USDHHS, 2003). • The stigma, or perceived shame, of mental illness often keeps people who are having troublesome thoughts or feelings from seeking help.

30. Common Misconceptions about people with Mental Illness • They’re weak or lazy. • Most are based on biology. • They’re likely to be violent. • Unlikely to commit violent acts. Higher chances when ATOD are present. • They’re funny and have strange behaviors. • They may be feeling fear, confusion or distress. • They don’t feel emotions the same way “Normal” people do.

31. Common Mental Health Problems • Mental disorders are generally grouped by their features or symptoms. • In the U.S. about 1 out of 4 adults suffers from a mental disorder in any given year (NIMH, 2008) • While problems in children and teens haven’t been studied as much, about 1 out of 5 has a mental disorder (USDHHS, 1999)

32. Types of Mental Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Mood Disorders • Drug-Related Disorders • Psychotic Disorders • Eating & Body Image Disorders • Learning & Developmental Disorders • Disruptive Disorders • Other types of Disorders

33. Anxiety • Involve unreasonable fears or anxiety. • One of the most common disorders among children & teens. • Triggered by trauma or everyday events.

34. Types of Anxiety Disorders • GeneralizedAnxiety Disorder – excessive worrying about upcoming events. • Phobias – an unrealistic, overwhelming fear of an object, animal or event. • Panic disorder – people with this have panic attacks. They often feel like they are going crazy or about to die.

35. Types of Anxiety Disorders Continued • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) –a person’s brain gets “stuck” on a though and repeats it over and over. (obsession) Then in response, the person feels an urge to repeat a behavior many times. (compulsion) • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – affect people who have lived through a trauma, such as war, a natural disaster or a violent assault.

36. Mood Disorders • Major Depressive Disorders – ongoing symptoms of depression for at least 2 weeks, often longer. • It can develop at any age. • Common symptoms: ongoing sad or grumpy mood, loss of interest in usual activities, major change in appetite or body weight, problems sleeping. • Usually have very low energy and can‘t focus, feel guilty. May have thoughts of death or suicide.

37. Signs of Depression In Teens • Teens tend to show signs of depression differently. • Ex: instead of reporting that they feel sad or hopeless, teens may “act out” or be cranky. • Here are some signs that may indicate depression in Teens: • “acting out” missing curfew or unusual defiance • Criminal behavior • Difficultly concentration or making decisions • Too much sleep or sleeping all day • Relationship problems with family and friends • School problems that are new or become much worse • Hating themselves • Agitation, irritability, bad temper • Drug use • Thinking about death • Unintended gain or loss of weight

38. Mood Disorders Continued • Dysthymic Disorder – shares many features with major depressive disorder, bur less severe. Depression lasting shorter than 2 weeks. • Bipolar Disorder – times of depression switch back and forth with times of euphoria or mania. • Manic episode – bright & positive mood, lot of energy, need little sleep, talk fast, “racing thoughts”, do impulsive things and grand ideas.

39. Mood Disorders • It’s normal to have times of sadness or to feel the “blues” once in a while. • Look for 2 things: • 1. how severe it is • 2. how consistent it is

40. Drug-Related Disorders • People with this disorder keep using a drug even when the drug use causes problems in their lives. • Types of drugs :illegal drugs, over the counter, prescription and alcohol • Symptoms include taking more and more of a drug, becoming addicted and being unable to cut back. • People with this disorder typically have problems in their relationships and have problems doing well at school.

41. Psychotic Disorders • “thought disorders” • Strong effects on the way people think about the places & people around them & themselves.

42. Schizophrenia Symptoms • Uncommon and affects only 1% of adults. • Delusions – strange, false beliefs that seem to be real to the person. • Disorganized speech – may be hard to understand. • Hallucinations – involve seeing or hearing things that aren’t really there. Most common is hearing voices.

43. Schizophrenia Symptoms Continued • Severely disorganized – doesn’t follow usual forms • Not bathe enough • Dress strangely • Unable to fix meals or get food • Catatonic Behavior – unable to move, speak, or respond

44. Eating and Body-Image Disorders • Involve severe changes in eating behavior. • Body image disorders often go along with this. • People with eating disorders may be overeat or under eat. • Eating behaviors are often kept a secret. • Can lead to severe health problems.

45. Eating and Body-Image Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa – don’t maintain healthy weight. • Afraid of gaining weight • Don’t see true size or shape of their bodies • Keep track of calories & eat very little • 0.5 %-3.7% of girls & women will have anorexia • Bulimia Nervosa – eat in binges, then purge the extra calories. • Might throw-up, use laxative(BM) or us diuretics (pee more often). • 1.1% to 4.2% will have bulimia

46. Autism Spectrum Disorder – included Autism (severe) and Asperger syndrome (milder). Problems understanding social interactions. Trouble with speaking. Many repeat behaviors or have focused interests on certain topics. Learning & Developmental Disorders

47. Learning Disorders – involve many different aspects of learning. Language, reading, math, writing, or seeing things clearly. Interfere with school success Affect their ability to take care of themselves. Could suffer from low self-esteem More likely than others to drop out of school Learning and Developmental Disorders

48. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Easily distracted Trouble completing tasks Possible impulsive Lots of energy Disrupt others’ activities Learning and Developmental Disorders

49. Behaviors that lead to learning and social problems. Oppositional-defiant disorder – pattern of defying, disobeying and being hostile toward authority figures. Include fighting and arguing Behaviors are ongoing and severe. Worse than normal teen rebellion Diagnosed in childhood Disruptive Disorders

50. Conduct disorder – aggressive behaviors Fighting, bullying, intimidating, assaulting Cruelty to people or animals Show antisocial behaviors – vandalism, theft, skipping school Diagnosed in children or teens If isn’t resolved, it may turn into antisocial personality disorder. Disruptive Disorder