D3 Analgesics - pain killers

1. D3 Analgesics- pain killers • Aspirin (acetylsalicylicacid) • Methylsalicylate • Paracetamol • Ibuprofen • Opiates

2. Modes of action • Mild pain killers (aspirin, paracetamol)- prevents the synthesisof a specificenzyme in the body. The enzyme cause fever and swelling. • Strong pain killers (morphine)- interactwith receptor sites in the brain so the pain signals areblocked

3. Salicylicacidethanoic ester-aspirin • Found in willowtree bark • 1899 Bayer Company introduced the etanoate ”Aspirin” • Whichfunctionalgroups? • Aspirin is less irritating for the stomachthansalicylicacid

4. Aspirin, cont. • Anti inflammatory- may be used for artritis and rheumatism • Preventsbloodclotting- prevents strokes and heart attacks • Sideeffectsincludeinternal bleeding, ulceration • Reye’ssyndrome in children, a potentially fatal liver and brain disorder • Toohighdosemayrise the pH in the blood- acidosis

5. Salicylicacidmethyl ester- methylsalicylate (oilofwintergreen) • Has a characteristicsmell • Used in liniments torubinto the skin- antiinflammatory • Whichfunctionalgroups? Reactionmechanism?

6. Paracetamol- acetaminophen • Preferred for children- have less problematicsideeffectscomparedto aspirin • May cause liver failureifingestedin highamounts • Functionalgroups?

7. Pro and contra for aspirin and paracetamol? Aspirin Paracetamol

8. Ibuprofen, ipren • For headaches- in Sweden and elswhere?

9. Opiates • Morphine, codeine and diamorphin (heroin) • Interactwith receptor sites in the brain so the pain signals areblocked • Differences in functionalgroups? • Canthey be transferredintoeachother?

10. Naturallyoccurring • In opium- poppyseeds • Morphine and codeine • Alsocontain papaverin, fentanyl, oxymorphone, hydromorphone • Opiatesareused as painkillers, butarealsohighlyaddictive

11. Synthesisof heroin from morphin

12. Watersolubility • Whichdoesmosteasily pass through cell membranes? morphinecodeineheroine