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European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia. Anji Chandiram. The Portuguese were the first to gain a foothold in Asia. Although the Portuguese’s ships were small in size and number, their firepower was “unmatched” or incomparable.
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European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia AnjiChandiram
The Portuguese were the first to gain a foothold in Asia. • Although the Portuguese’s ships were small in size and number, their firepower was “unmatched” or incomparable. • The Portuguese great firepower led to them winning control of the rich Indian Ocean spice trade and building a trading empire in Asia.
Portugal Builds An Eastern Empire • The Portuguese set off into the Indian Ocean under the commandment of Afonso de Albuquerque. • Although, India was ruled by theMughal Empire at the time, the rest of India was under the control of local princes. • The Portuguese managed to get the local princes on their side, therefore, the Portuguese and Afonso de Albuquerque planned to end Muslim leadership and change the Indian Ocean into a “Portuguese Lake.”
The Portuguese seized an island off the coast of India called Goa and made it their “military and commercial base.” • Albuquerque “burned Arab fleets at sea.” • The Portuguese continued to massacre Muslims, and built a trading empire with military and merchant outposts (distant areas under their control). • “Portugal controlled the spice trade between Europe and Asia.”
A Limited Impact • The Portuguese made harsh efforts to convert people to Christianity (especially locally). • They also tried to convert people in Africa to Christianity by attacking Muslims and destroying Hindu temples. • Up until 1600, the Portuguese converted less than a million people to Christianity.
The Rise of the Dutch • The Dutch were the first to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian Trade. • When the Netherlands gained independence, they began to compete for overseas influence. • The Netherlands gained a foothold in the region as they set up colonies and trading posts all around the world. • The Dutch began to dominate the region because of its full sovereign powers, and formed Dutch East India Company.
The Dutch eventually opened trade with China. • They used military force to increase the trading goals. • Dutch men also married many Asian women. • The Dutch declined because of the increase in power of the France and England.
Spain Seizes The Philippines • Spain took over the Philippines. • Because the Filipinos were not united, they were conquered more easily. • The Spanish set out to convert Filipinos to Christianity. • The Spanish shipped silver from Peru and Mexico to the Philippines. • They then used the silver to buy goods in China.
Mughal India and European traders • The Mughal Empire of India was the center of the spice trade as well as prosperous, peaceful and strong. • The Europeans were looking for trading rights, and the Mughal Empire gave it to them. • The English, French, Dutch and Portuguese built forts in Indian coastal towns.
A Great Empire Shatters • As the Mughal Empire weakened, French and English traders fought for power. • The British and the French made East India companies which made alliances with local officials and chiefs. Each company organized its own army of Indian troops.
