Key Territorial Acquisitions

1. Key Territorial Acquisitions How did the U.S. get all of the land we have today?? The Louisiana Purchase, the Florida Purchase, the Northwest Territory treaty, the annexation of Texas, and the Mexican Cession

2. The U.S. in 1830

3. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

4. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1783 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

5. Louisiana Purchase Events • Jefferson asked about buying the land around New Orleans to help farmers along the Miss. River who needed to transport their products downriver to the French port of New Orleans. • Motives • It was too costly to transport the goods across the Appalachian Mountains.

6. More Events • Jefferson authorized the foreign ministers to offer $10 million for New Orleans • More Events • France surprised Jefferson by offering him the entire area of Louisiana for $15 million

7. Louisiana Purchase Geographic Features • Mississippi River • Mountains – Rocky & Appalachian (label both on map) • Port city Color in the Louisiana Territory on the map below

8. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B

9. Florida Purchase Events • Was the result of friction between Spain & the U.S. over boundary lines of the Louisiana Territory • Motives • Relations with the Native Americans also impacted the U.S.’s desire for the land • More Events • Spain sold Florida to the U.S. in exchange for $5 million and a clear border between the Louisiana Territory & New Spain

10. Florida Purchase Geographic Features • Port city Color in the Florida purchase on the map below

11. US Territorial Expansion When? D - Florida • 1819 From Where? • Spain Why? • Andrew Jackson invaded • Spain then sold it to US for $5 million A C B D

12. Northwest Territory Treaty • Motives • Initially, Americans in search of economic opportunity in the fur trade moved to the area • The farmers that followed the fur traders wanted to be part of the U.S. Events • Also called the Oregon Treaty • The U.S. claimed the territory based on the explorations of Lewis & Clark • Britain also claimed the area • More Events • After much negotiation, this treaty was a compromise with Great Britain to avoid war

13. More Events • If the US had gone to war over this land, they would have been in TWO wars: Mexican War for Texas was going on at the same time • The treaty set the northern boundary between the US and Canada

14. Northwest Territory Geographic Features • Mountains, rivers, woodlands Color in the Northwest Territory on the map below

15. US Territorial Expansion When? F - Oregon Territory • 1846 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) • Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!” • Britain compromised 49° & US accepted F A C B E D

16. The Annexation of Texas Events • Came almost a decade after the Texan War for Independence from Mexico • Prior to Texan independence, American southerners accepted Mexico’s invitation to move into the Texas Territory • These cotton planters agreed to become Mexican citizens and to follow Mexican laws (but allowed slavery) in order to have access to more fertile land for cotton • Motives • When a new dictatorial Mexican government enforced its control over Texas, including the outlawing of slavery, Texans rebelled • Texans then wanted to become part of the U.S.

17. The Annexation of Texas • More Events • At first, the U.S. would not annex Texas because of the balance of free & slave states. Texas remained an independent country for 9 years but was annexed under President Polk. Geographic Features • Port city • Fertile land • Border to Mexico Color in Texas on the map

18. US Territorial Expansion When? E - Texas • 1845 From Where? • Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? • Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 • Northerners feared it would become a slave state • Fears finally overcome in 1944 Presidential election A C B E D

19. Mexican Cession Events • Was the territory that the U.S. acquired as a result of winning the Mexican War • The Mexican War was the result of Manifest Destiny, the desire for Pacific ports, and the annexation of Texas • Motives • The U.S. wanted a port on the Pacific coast in the Mexican territory of California • Pres. Polk tried to buy this land, but the Mexicans would not sell

20. Mexican Cession • More Events • After Texas was annexed, the U.S. sent American troops into an area on the border of Texas that the Mexican government also claimed as their own • Shots were fired and a war started • The U.S. invaded Mexico and defeated the Mexican Army • The treaty that ended this war ceded Mexican territory in what is now New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and Nevada in return for $15 million • Gave the US Pacific ports and gold fields of California (soon to be discovered!!!) • Americans also helped the Mexican citizens in CA declare their independence from Mexico

21. Mexican Cession Color in the Mexican Cession on the map below Geographic Features • Port cities on the Pacific Coast • Fertile land • Gold to mine

22. US Territorial Expansion When? G - Mexican Cession • 1848 From Where? • Mexico Why? • Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse • War! • US wins • In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G F A C B G E D