Selected Problems of Relativistic Nuclear Physics and Multiple Particle Production

2. A.I.Malakhov Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Selected Problems of Relativistic Nuclear Physics and Multiple Particle Production XXXII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Alushta, 7-13 September 2002

3. It is possible to obtain the record high energy particle beams by means of acceleratingtheheavy nuclei with large charges January 1, 1971

5. d(d + Cu   -+ …) (x) = d(p + Cu  - + …) max x = p / p  

6. e L.S.Schroeder et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., v.43, No.24, 1979, p.1787 Dependence of T0 parameter for pion at 180o for p-Cu collisions on the energy of incident proton Tp.Pion cross-section parameterized by the form E·d/dp3 = C·exp(-T/T0), where T is the pion laboratory kinetic energy

8. Classification of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions on bik bik ~ 10-2 classic nuclear physics 0.1 bik < 1 intermediate domain bik >> 1 nuclei should be considered as quark-gluon systems

11. The experiments show the following dependence for cross-sections of all nuclei from He up to U:  (AI AII  h1 + …) = k·AIn·AIIm(x)·exp(-x/<x>) bI 1 > bI II >> 1 0.5  x  3.3 (Cumulative effect: x > 1) m(x) = 2/3 + x (0.5  x  1) m(x) = 1 (x > 1) <x> 0.14  The dimension of the multi-quark system which produces cumulative particles The nuclear quark-parton structure function: G(x) ~ exp (-x/<x>)

12. The experiments in LHE (JINR): The limit fragmentation is realized at bik≥ 5 The detailed investigation of cumulative particle production has been carried out on more than 20 nuclei • The universal values • ~ (1/AII) FII (bII 1, x1) practically don’t depend on properties of the nucleus I

13. Multiple Processes in Four-velocity Space

16. Processes with Very High Multiplicity The theory of these processes was developed at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of JINR (A. Sissakian and J.Manjavidze) in order to understand inelastic high-energy hadronic and nuclear interactions with the hadron multiplicity to be much higher than the average multiplicity

20. Пmin dП/dNI = 0; dП/dNII = 0 In the central rapidity region (y = 0) (u1uI) = (u1uII) -Y y +Y AI y = 0 AII NI =NII = N = [1 + √1 + (Ф/Ф2)]Ф, where Ф= (1/m0)[mTchY+](½ sh2Y) Ф= (2 - m12)(4m0 2 sh2Y) and Пmin = N chY

21. Asymptotics s/(2mImII)  (uIuII) = ch2Y   Пmin= (mT/2m0)[1+√1+(2-m12)/mT2 N  0

22. The analytical representation for П leads to the following conclusions: There is the limiting value of П at high energies The ratio of particle to antiparticle and nucleus to antinucleus production cross-section goes to the unit while energy rising The effective number of nucleons involved in the reaction decreases with increasing collision energy Probability of observation of antinuclei and fragments in the central rapidity region is small Strange particles yield increases with increasing collision energy

23. PREDICTIONS

25. Nuclotron intensity (particles per cycle) Beam have to be (with booster) available JINR p 2.5·1010 1013 d 5·1010 1013 d 3·108 5·1010 t 4·105 1010 4He 8·108 2·1012 7Li 2·109 5·1012 12C 6.5·108 2·1012 24Mg 1.2·108 5·1011 40Ar 104 1010 84Kr 103 5·108 Veksler & Baldin Laboratory of High Energies Dubna NUCLOTRON

26. Experiments with relativistic nuclei Experiments with polarized beams Nuclotron Applied investigations

27. Experiments with relativistic nuclei • Nucleon structure • Nuclear structure • Medium effects on particle production • Modification of nuclear matter • Hypernuclei and  nuclei

28. Experiments with relativistic nuclei • Nucleon structure NIS project Polarized nucleon strangeness The planned results are: Ratio of  and  meson production cross sections near their thresholds in pp interaction and the comparison on the cross sections for pp and np interactions under similar kinematical conditions SUCH EXPERIMENT IS POSSIBLE IN THE FORESEEN FUTURE ONLY AT NUCLOTRON !

29. Experiments with relativistic nuclei • Nucleon structure STRELA project (d/dt)dp(pp)n = 2/3(d/dt)nppn Study of the spin-dependent component of the nucleon scattering amplitude in the charge-exchange process nppn in a deuteron beam extracted from the Nuclotron

30. Experiments with relativistic nuclei • Nuclear structure BECQUEREL project

31. Experiments with relativistic nuclei • Modification of nuclear matter FAZA project L  • Hot nuclei F F • Termalmulifragmentation • Liquid-Fog Phase Transition Tc = (20±2) MeV E

32. Experiments with relativistic nuclei •  nuclei • Hypernuclei DELTA project GIBS project SPHERE project

33. Experiments with polarized beams • Spin structure of the np forward • scattering amplitude • Spin deuteron structure at short • distances • Spin structure of the three nucleon • systems

34. Experiments with polarized beams • Spin structure of the np forward • scattering amplitude DELTA-SIGMA project is the total cross section for unpolarized particles and are the spin-dependent contributions is a unit vector in the direction of the beam momentum and are the beam (B) and target (T) polarizations T(np)

35. Experiments with polarized beams • Spin deuteron structure at short distances PIKASO project SCAN-2 project

36. Applied research • Radiobiology and space biomedicine • The impact of nuclear beams on the • microelectronic components • The transmutation of radioactive • waste • Accelerator driven energy production

37. Conclusions The Baldin and Veksler Laboratory ofHighEnergiesof JINR has obtained unique results in Relativistic Nuclear Physics The relevant programme of physics research will realize by international collaborations at the Nuclotron

38. REFERENCES 1. A.I.Malakhov, Research Program for the Nuclotron, Physics of Atomic Nuclei, Vol.65, No.2, 2002, pp. 211-219. 2. A.M.Baldin, A.I.Malakhov, A.N.Sissakian, Selected Problems of Relativistic Nuclear Physics and Multiple Particle Production, Physics of Particles and Nuclei, Vol.32, Suppl.1 (2001) pp.4-30. 3. V.I.Sharov et al., Measurement of the np total cross section difference L at 1.59, 1.79 and 2.20 GeV, Eur.Phys.J. C 13, 255 (2000). 4. S.Afanasiev et al., Spin Effects at Fragmentation of Polarized Deuterons into Cumulative Pions, In Proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC 2001, Berkeley, California, 2001, Ed. By Eric Norman et al. Melville, New York, 2002, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol.610, p.395. 5. S.P.Avdeev et al. Transition from thermal to rapid expansion in multifragmentation of gold induced by light relativistic projectiles, Physics Letters B 503 (2001) 256-262. 6. V.P.Ladygin at al., Measurment of the tensor analyzing powers in the dd  3He n and dd  3H p reactions at RIKEN, Part. And Nucl. Lett. 3[100]-2000 (2000) 74.