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Exploring Ecology: Living Things and Environments

Delve into the intricate web of relationships among living organisms and their surroundings, from ecosystems to biomes, in the biosphere. Understand the roles of biotic and abiotic factors, populations, communities, and species while exploring the transfer of energy through autotrophs and heterotrophs.

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Exploring Ecology: Living Things and Environments

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  1. ECOLOGY The Study of Living Things and Their Relationships to Each Other and to the Environment

  2. Biosphere • The combined portions of the planet in which all life exists. • Extends from 8 km above the earth’s surface to about 11 km below the surface of the ocean.

  3. Biotic Factors • Living parts including: - plants - animals - fungi, etc.

  4. Abiotic Factors • Non-living parts including: - water - light - temperature - soil

  5. Most inclusive to least inclusive…. • Biosphere: the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists. • Biome: a geographical region containing several ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities. • Ecosystem: collection of all the organisms in an area and their non-living or physical environment

  6. Community: different populations that live together in a defined area • Population: groups of individuals of the same species that live in the same area • Species: groups of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

  7. ENERGY • The main source of energy for life on Earth is the SUN

  8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs • Autotrophs: use energy from the environment (usually light energy) to make food. Also called producers. • change simple inorganic compounds (carbon dioxide, water) into complex organic compounds (glucose)

  9. Heterotrophs: organisms that rely on other organisms for food. Also called consumers.

  10. Types of Consumers • Herbivores: obtain energy by eating only plants • Carnivores: eat animals • Omnivores: eat both plants and animals • Detritivores: feed on bits of plant and animal remains • Decomposers: break down organic matter, include fungi and bacteria

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