1 / 18

REASONING

REASONING. LOGICAL ARGUMENT. ARGUMENT. An argument is a pattern of reasonign that encourages the making of conclusion based on logical thinking An argument consists of 2 premises and a conclusion. There are 3 types of Arguments. Type 1 Argument (Deductive Reasoning).

lassie
Download Presentation

REASONING

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. REASONING LOGICAL ARGUMENT

  2. ARGUMENT An argument is a pattern of reasonign that encourages the making of conclusion based on logical thinking An argument consists of 2 premises and a conclusion. There are 3 types of Arguments

  3. Type 1 Argument(Deductive Reasoning) Premise 1: All A (things/objects) are B (situation) Premise 2: C (specific things) is A Conclusion: C is B

  4. Example of Type 1 Argument Premise 1: All men are mortal. Premise 2: Einstein is a man. Conclusion: Einstein is mortal. Premise 1: All even numbers are divisible by 2 Premise 2: 30 is an even number Conclusion: 30 is divisible by 2. 30 ialah nombor genap

  5. Activity Make your own examples of Type 1 Argument . One is non-mathematical example and another with a mathematical example.

  6. Type 2 Argument(Direct Reasoning Argument) Premise 1: If P happens then Q happens (Implication) Premise 2: P happens (antecedent happens) Conclusion: Q happens (consequence happens)

  7. Example of Type 2 Argument Premise 1: If a number is a factor of 12 then that number is a factor of 24 Premise 2: 3 is a factor of 12 Conclusion: 3 is a factor of 24

  8. Example Premise 1: If a set has m elements the that set has 2m subsets. Premise 2: Set P has 5 elements. Conclusion: Set P has 25 subsets.

  9. Activity Create one mathematical example using Type 2 Arguments

  10. Type 3 Arguments(Indirect Reasoning Argument) Premise 1: If p happens, then q happens Premise 2: q does not happen Conclusion: p does not happens

  11. Example of Type 3 Argument Premise 1: If m is an interger then 2m is an even number Premise 2: 2m is not an even number Conclusion: m is not an integer

  12. Premise 1: If n is an odd number then (n+1) is an even number Premise 2: (n + 1) in not an even number Conclusion: n is not an odd number

  13. PREMISE 1: If x = 9º, then 15º - x = 6º PREMISE 2: 15 - xº  6 CONCLUSION: x  9º

  14. ARUHAN Satu proses membuat kesimpulan umum berdasarkan kes-kes khusus Contoh bukan matematik: Carlos suka main guitar(kes khusus) Ceasar suka main guitar(kes khusus) Calvin suka main guitar(kes khusus) Catherine suka main guitar(kes khusus) Cheong suka main guitar(kes khusus) Kesimpulan umum: Semua orang yang namanya bermula dengan huruf C suka main guitar.

  15. CONTOH MATEMATIK Diberi 5, 8, 11, 14, … boleh ditulis sebagai 5 = 5 + 3(0) 8 = 5 + 3(1) 11 = 5 + 3(2) 14 = 5 + 3(3) kesimpulan umum: Nombor berpola di atas boleh ditulis dalam bentuk 5 + 3n, n = 0, 1, 2, 3…..

  16. CONTOH Buat kesimpulan secara aruhan bagi senarai no 8, 23, 44, 71, … yang mengikut pola berikut: 8 = 3(2)2 – 4 23 = 3(3)2 – 4 44 = 3(4)2 – 4 71 = 3(5)2 – 4 Kesimpulan: Nombor berpola di atas boleh ditulis dalam bentuk 3n2 – 4, n = 2, 3, 4, 5, ….

  17. DEDUKSI Deduksi ialah satu proses membuat kesimpulan khusus berdasarkan pernyataan umum. CONTOH Pernyataan umum: am an = am+n Kesimpulan khusus: 33  35 = 38

  18. CONTOH Suatu set yang mengandungi k unsur mempunyai 2k subset. Cari bilangan subset bagi set P ={ 0, 1, 5, 6} Bilangan subset bagi set P = 24 = 16

More Related