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A New Challenge for Meteorological Measurements:

A New Challenge for Meteorological Measurements:. 2010 April 1. A piece of history in science is jointly written by WMO 1 and BIPM 2 . WMO signs the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

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A New Challenge for Meteorological Measurements:

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  1. A New Challenge for Meteorological Measurements:

  2. 2010 April 1. A piece of history in science is jointly written by WMO1 and BIPM2. WMO signs the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) • World Meteorological Organization Official United Nations' authoritative voice on weather, climate and water, scientific organization. • 2. Bureau International desPoidsetMesures

  3. 2010 May 4-7. XXV Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie (CCT) meets and prepares a significant reccomendations for the CIPM1. 1. Comité International des Poids et Mesures

  4. Call 2010: Metrology for Environment funded by European Community and EURAMET European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) is a European Regional Metrology Organisation. It coordinates the cooperation of National Metrology Institutes (NMI) of Europe in fields of research, traceability to the SI units, calibration and measurement capabilities, knowledge transfer European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) is a metrology-focused European programme of coordinated R&D

  5. February 2010. PRT Phase I. 117 Proposed Research Topic EMRP selects, groups, excludes Phse II. 18 Selected Research Topic. July 2010 Partnering meeting. JRP preparation JRP Submitted for evaluation November 2010. Review conference Phse III. 9 Joint Research Project funded

  6. 2011 October 1. MeteoMet Joint Research Project official start date!

  7. Kick-off Meeting 12 - 13 October 2011 Andrea Merlone (Coordinator) and Roger Atkinson (WMO-CIMO) at the meeting

  8. Coordinator : Andrea Merlone - INRiM- Italy Partners FundedPartners:

  9. Collaborators: Coordinator : Andrea Merlone - INRiM- Italy Participants UnfundedPartners: REG Organisations

  10. MeteoMet Numbers Budget: 4 413 683 € (JRP) + 485 000 € (REGs) • 18 Funded Partner • 3 Un-funded Partners • 5 REG Home Org. • 16 Collaborators Biggest EMRP Consortium ever! • 6 Work packages • 62 Tasks • 170 Deliverables A huge amount of work… • 377 man/women-months • 5 REGs -> 64 months • Total 441man-months ~37 years!

  11. A largeConsortium Why? • Realization of a wide scale European monitoring system. • NMIs operating in several areas for tests in different environmental conditions. • Support an uniform approach to the measurements traceability • Constitution of a wide forum for discussing and proposing common procedures. • Better addressing direct impact and dissemination of results and best practices through the numerous existing links between NMIs and “end users” at local level. Reliable climate data is geographically equally relevant!

  12. A largeConsortium Why? • The World is divided into countries, but… • Climate has no borders • Expertise wants no borders

  13. Data users requirements: Needs Define measurements standard Traceability to national standards Define Calibration procedures New devices Data reliability Uncertainty-evaluation methods And inclusion in final data Improve data quality, continuity and homogeneity Interpretation historical data series Establish a common approach

  14. Atmospheric Measurements: There is a Critical and Urgent Need for: Improved Traceability Reduced Uncertainty To achieve greater confidence in climate change analyses and predictions. MeteoMet addresses these needs through several key initiatives, most of which are common to CIMO’s mission. The Importance of MeteoMet

  15. 3 main addressedtopics: • upper air measurements • ground based measurements • assesment of the uncertainities of historical temperature measurement data Structure

  16. Upper air measurements: sensors and techniques WP1 • Realisation of traceable, self calibrating TDLAS hygrometers • Traceable evaluation of the line strength and line broadening of the spectral absorption lines of the water molecule including temperature and pressure dependence (P=1 Pa ÷ 1200 hPa T=‑65 °C ÷ 20 °C) • Development of an improved calibration procedure with a mobile humidity generator for calibration of mobile field hygrometers. • Intercomparison of airborne field humidity sensors of different types (AQUAVIT 2). • development of a reference system for calibrating humidity and temperature sensors of radiosondes

  17. Novel methods, instruments and measurements for climate parameters WP2 • New measurements to improve the saturation water vapour pressure formula [-80 °C ÷ +100 °C] • Development of hygrometers based on microwave quasi-spherical resonant cavities measurement (uncertainties level 10‑5). • Ultrasonic anemometer for sonic temperature. • Novel atmospheric free-space, non-contact, multi-sensors measuring T, P, airflow combined with water vapour. • Traceability schemes for GPS and Galileo based measurements. • Facility for accurate calibration, in air, of air temperature sensors.

  18. Traceable measurement methods and protocols for ground based meteorological observations WP3 Danish Technological Institute • Weather stations database: use, sensors, design, calibration, traceability, uncertainties. • Evaluation of the effect of solar radiance and aging on weather stations • Uncertainty evaluation of ultrasonic anemometers data and new procedure for on-site calibration. • Construction of dedicated facilities for the combined calibration of T, RH and P sensors in weather stations. In-situ calibration of Alps, arctic and Everest stations. • Validation of weather stations data-logging software.

  19. Harmonisation of data. Assessment of the historical temperature data, data fusion WP4 • Assessment of the historical temperature measurement methods with respect to used techniques, procedures and instruments • Development of the calculation model for uncertainty evaluation of the historical data with respect to ITS-90 introducing the data fusion method to support temperature uncertainty estimation • Creation of a novel computational software tool model for the historical and future temperature data series harmonisation, taking into account traceability

  20. First example of high altitude weather stations traceable to national standards REG1 Researcher Excellence Grant (REG) • Manufacture of a reduced dimension calibration chamber (with simultaneous generations of whole range of T and Pvalues) for weather station operating under extreme environmental conditions (in collaboration with INRiM) • Installation and test of device at the • Ev-K2-CNR Pyramid Laboratory located at 5,050 meters a.s.l. in Nepal at the base of Mount Everest. Elisa Vuillermoz Comitato Ev-K2-CNR

  21. Researcher Excellence Grant REG2 Denis Smorgon Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (Germany) Aim Organisation and realisation of the 2nd international intercomparison campaign AQUAVIT 2 of airborne field humidity sensors in the AIDA chamber • Activity coordinated with: • European COST Action ES0604: Atmospheric Water Vapour in the Climate System (WaVaCS), • SPARC water vapour initiative (World Climate Research Program) • GRUAN

  22. Researcher Excellence Grant REG3 • Re-circulating wind tunnel • - 50 m3 environmental chamber • - Pressure: 0.02 - 1000 mbar • Temperature: -130 °C ÷ +60 °C Christina Holstein-Rathlou Mars Simulation Laboratory Aarhus University Adaptation of the facility for testing, calibration and comparison of meteorological sensors - Wind speeds up to 25m/s - Automated dust injection system - LED based optical illumination system (solar simulator)

  23. Organisation Research Excellence Grant REG4 A metrological approach applied to sustainable agricultural meteorology Istituto per la meccanizzazioneagricola CNR - Italy Evaluation of the target uncertainty on temperature and humidity measurements required for improving the reliability of the bacteria growing forecasting models

  24. Organisation Research Excellence Grant REG5 Elisa Vuillermoz Comitato Ev-K2-CNR Centre for Climate Change (C3) at University Rovira I Virgili Manola Brunet • estimating the impact of the introduction of AWS in historical temperature series resulting from conventional observation systems, calculate the systematic bias (size and shape) that the gradual changeover to AWS are introducing in long temperature series, estimate both an instrumental calibration strategy the use of calibrated instrumentation will reduce the parallel period of installation, ideally to zero, if both old and new instruments are calibrated with a traceable procedure.

  25. 6M activities By October 2012 34 Exchange of letters signed June 23, 2011 Signed collaboration with International Surface Temperatures Initiative December 13, 2011 Signed collaboration with WMO GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) • WMO CIMO Training Workshop on Metrology November 21-25, 2011 • 4th GRUAN Implementation Meeting (ICM-4), March 5t– 9, 2012 • MeteoMet presented at ITS 9, March 21 2012 • + ISTI and GRUAN conference calls monthly International Events • IV Krajowa i V Międzynarodowa Konferencja 12-14 September 2011 • Italian Consortium meeting, April 13r 2011, Italy • JMA Meeting March 13 2012 • NMIJ Meeting March 14 2012 • UME Seminar April 17 2012 Local Events

  26. 6M activities 28

  27. 6 M activities

  28. 6 M activities

  29. 2010 In situ “calibration” by comparison 31

  30. 2010 In situ “calibration” by comparison 32

  31. 6M activities WP3 • Estimation of uncertainty due to weather station siting -building closeness Distance WXT520-building: 1.5m Distance WXT520-WXT510: 5m

  32. 6M activities

  33. 6M activities Influence of Solar Radiation Screen Ageing on Temperature Measurements by AWS

  34. 6M activities Influence of Solar Radiation Screen Ageing on Temperature Measurements by AWS 9 months paired temperature measurements • agedscreen 5 yearsold • newscreen AWS: Vaisala WXT520 Temperature drift due to degradation of the screen reflective coating

  35. 12M activities Wind effect

  36. 12M activities WP3 Design of a laboratory chamber for calibration of AWS and meteo sensors. Temperature, Pressure, humidity and wind independent generation in the same chamber. • Temperature control within 0.05 °C between ‑40 °C and 50 °C • Pressure control within 100 Pa between 75 kPa and 110 kPa. • Humidity generation from 5 %rh to 98 %rh, (with air temperature ranging from 0 °C to 50 °C, accuracy between 0.3%rh to 0.7 %rh. • Generation of wind speeds up to 30 m/s

  37. 12M activities Transportable facility for calibration of AWS Pressure (50 kPa – 110 kPa) ± 100 Pa Temperature (-30 °c – 50 °C) ± 0.05 °C Humidity (5 % - 95 %) ± 1.5 %

  38. 12M activities Novel instruments for humidity measurements Dedicated thermostat hosting two copper microwave resonators for the determination of the change in resonances frequencies related to umidity of a moist gas.

  39. Spring 2014 In preparation… International workshop on Traceability Needs and Techniques for Environment, Meteorology and Climate

  40. MeteoMet in one sentence! The success of any meteorological observations and climate investigation depends upon the availability of reliable data. …just add Type-B uncertainties to your measurements!

  41. 2013 a second call for funds European metrolgy calls plan

  42. 2013 a second call for funds Strategic scope of Targeted Programme Environment • The overall strategic aim is to improve the quality of data for policy making and regulation, underpin other environmental research initiatives through collaborative metrological research and development, and stimulate technological innovation. • Global metrological challenges for climate controlsuch as related to: • atmospheric parameters • emission control • oceanic parameters including pH, temperature, density and flow profiles; • on-line sensors and environment monitoring.

  43. JRP based on an already established consortium Spending the experience in new fileds acquired during the first three years Devices manufactured in the first JRP open dissemination opportunities Keep positions of trained people in those new subjects Include reference examples of complete traceability through enforced impact to stakeholders (keeping the NMI role) Add topics excluded for the first JRP due to budget limitations Add new idea and scientific content (also on the basis of the experience) A more efficient use of money (too much on the table at first run!) Demonstrate validity of EMRP call schedule, (allowin followup, new JRPs and improved JRPs not-funded at first call) MeteoMet followup project 2014 -> 2017

  44. WMO – BIPM Joint liason meeting. Geneva 14 February 2012. “They expect follow-up projects to ENV03 - ENV07 for the 2013 call and would certainly be interested in giving input. When addressed EMPIR in order to generate some "global stakeholder" support, WMO promised to provide us with some high-level description of metrological needs from their perspective. In addition, they saw their role in dissemination of JRP results. I recommend the coordinators of the above-mentioned JRPs to inform WMO on a regular basis and establish a good relation, such as in form of collaborator, for dissemination, and for preparation of follow-up ideas.” Roger Atkinson (CIMO) was identified as a so-called "focal point" in EMRP matters

  45. Follow up project expected preliminary ideas for a Proposed Research Topic (PRT) Water contact thermometry High mountains lakes temperature Water surface contact thermometry. Buoys Deep Ocean water temperature measurement (possible collab. With NMIJ)

  46. Primary standards GRUAN traceability scheme proposed Special chamber + Works standards Site 1 Works standards Instruments Site 2 Site … Site 3

  47. Follow up project expected preliminary ideas for a Proposed Research Topic (PRT) Agricoltural Meteorology (INRiM and…???) Electronic leaf mist control metrological assessment Temperature, humidity and solar radiation. Target uncertainty for forecasting models. (Plasmopara viticola) Mushrooms growing models precision with respect to accuracy of input data Airport reference station (NPL, …) An example of pressure, temperature and wind speed accurate measurement on a selected airport site.

  48. Follow up project expected preliminary ideas for a Proposed Research Topic (PRT) A possible scenario (for a road to instrument classifiaction) Class A1 Weather stations. Calibrated in laboratory by means of dedicated chambers. Assessed traceability to national standards, control and procedures at the level of calibration services. No “In situ” calibration allowed. Mutual influence analysys of ALL the quantities measured and/or of influence. Class A2 Weather stations. Calibrated by means of dedicated chambers; both in laboratory and in-situ. Assessed raceability to national standards. “In situ” calibration allowed by means of transportable “mini labs” devices.. Class B Weather stations. Assessed raceabuility to national standards. Single quantities measurement calibrations. Class X Weather stations. Extreme environment locations 50

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