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Hazard Control

Hazard Control. INSY 3020/7970/7976/ENH 670 Spring 2006. WHAT IS A HAZARD? WHAT CAUSES A HAZARD TO EXIST?. Environmental Structure. Person. Environment. Unsafe Condition And/Or Unsafe Behavior. =. Machine/Task. Common Sources of Hazards. Sources of Motion (machinery, vehicles)

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Hazard Control

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  1. Hazard Control INSY 3020/7970/7976/ENH 670 Spring 2006

  2. WHAT IS A HAZARD?WHAT CAUSES A HAZARD TO EXIST?

  3. Environmental Structure Person Environment Unsafe Condition And/Or Unsafe Behavior = Machine/Task

  4. Common Sources of Hazards • Sources of Motion (machinery, vehicles) • Sources of Temperature Extremes • Chemical Exposure (splashing) • Sources of Harmful Dust (sand blasting) • Sources of Light Radiation (welding) • Sources of Falling Objects (construction) • Sources of Sharps Objects (tools) • Sources of Rolling or Pinching Objects (tools)

  5. Question? WHY NOT JUST USE PPE FOR EVERYTHING?WHY CAN’T WE LET PEOPLE BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEMSELVES?

  6. Regulatory Standards OSHA Standard - 1910.132 • The Employer shall provide PPE wherever needed when hazards are present which may cause injury. • Eye and Face Protection • OSHA 1910.133 • Respiratory Protection • OSHA 1910.134 • Head Protection • OSHA 1910.135 • Foot Protection • OSHA 1910.136 • Hand Protection • OSHA 1910.138

  7. Hazards usually not addressed in a general PPE assessment • Noise • Blood-borne pathogens • Respiratory Protection Needs • Confined Spaces • Hazard Waste/Emergency Response

  8. CONTROLS TWO TYPES: • Engineering Control – Physical changes to the environment (machine/task/equipment). • Administrative Control – Policies, methods, or procedures to limit potential of exposure to a hazard.

  9. Eliminating and Controlling Hazards • Order of preference • eliminate hazard • limiting hazard level • isolation, barriers and interlocks • fail-safe design • minimizing failures • safe procedures (PPE) Text calls these: “Safety Devices”

  10. Hazard Level Limitation • If it cannot be eliminated, limit it • Solid state electrical devices (power is less than that required for ignition of flammables) • Automatic ventilation triggered by sensing concentration of flammables or toxins • Automatic pressure relief to keep pressures within limits • Limit static electricity with conductive coatings & ESD procedures

  11. Safety Design Matrix

  12. DESIGNS • Exclusion – Prevents the event from occurring (impossibility) • Preventative – Reduces the likelihood that the event will occur (rare possibility) • Fail-Safe – Reduces Consequences when the event occurs (likely to happen)

  13. ENGINEERING: Fail-Safe Design • Types • fail-passive--reduces system to lowest energy level (circuit breaker) • fail-active--keeps system in safe operating mode until corrective action is taken or an alternate is activated (blinking traffic signal) • fail-operational--allows system to function until corrective action is possible (no loss of function)

  14. Engineering Control Example: Isolation • Separate by space • Separate materials (fuel, oxidizer, ignition) • Thermal insulation • Isolation devices (keep noise in an area) • Encapsulating equipment (explosion proof atmosphere) • Shielding • Vibration mounts (separate equipment from surroundings) • Machine guards (keep from coming in Contact with dangerous moving parts or hot or sharp surfaces) • Enclosed area for explosion containment

  15. Engineering Control Example: Lockouts & Interlocks • Lockout prevents an event from occurring or a person from entering an undesired area • Lockout prevents activating an operation • Interlocks-- ensures an event does not occur • inadvertent--positive action must be take to create circumstances for an event to occur • interrupted continuity--closed connection is broken • sequence interrupted--sequence is necessary for activation

  16. EXAMPLE: Use of Warnings Signs • Used to attract attention of the operator and others on hazards • Human senses play an important role • Signs and labels important • illiteracy • language differences • unambiguous

  17. The Problem: As an engineer, how do you know what the hazards are and what level of protection design to enact?

  18. Methods for Gathering Qualitative Information • Interviews and Focus Groups • Questionnaires with open-ended questions • Observations • Document Analysis

  19. The Occupational Injury & Illness Classification System ·Nature of Injury or Illness - Identifies the principal physical characteristic(s) of the injury/illness. · Part of Body Affected - Identifies the part of the body directly affected by the previously identified nature of injury or illness. · Primary Source of Injury or Illness/Secondary Source of Injury or Illness – Primary identifies the object, substance, bodily motion, or exposure which directly produced or inflicted the previously identified injury or illness. Secondary identifies the object, substance, or person that generated the source of injury or illness or that contributed to the event or exposure. · Event or Exposure - Describes the manner in which the injury or illness was produced or inflicted by the source of injury or illness.

  20. Nature of Injury or Illness: Titles & Examples 0/Traumatic Injuries and Disorders – 011 Dislocations, 012 Fractures, 021 Sprains Strains & Tears, 031 Amputations, 034 Laceration, 052 Electrical Burn 1/Systemic Diseases or Disorders – 1241 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, 1261 Hearing loss, 1331 Heart Attack, 1441 Bronchitis, 1443 Asthma, 1453 Silicosis, 1773 Tendonitis 2/Infectious and Parasitic Diseases – 2112 Pulmonary Tuberculosis, 2196 Tetanus, 2219 HIV Infection, 2291 Rabies, 237 Lyme Disease 3/Neoplasms, Tumors, and Cancer – 3121 Melanoma of the skin, 3134 Leukemia, 4/Symptoms, Signs, and Ill-defined Conditions – 4114 Dizziness, 4112 Convulsions/Seizures, 4122 Earache, 4141 Headache, 4171 Nausea/Vomiting 5/Other Conditions or Disorders – 5212 Post-traumatic anxiety,5213 Panic Disorder, 529 Mental Disorder,

  21. Part of Body Affected: Titles & Examples 0/Head – 011 Brain, 012, Scalp, 013 Skull, 02 Ears, 31 Forehead, 32 Eyes, 33 Nose, 0363 Teeth. 1/Neck, Including Throat – 12 Vocal Chords, 13 Larynx, 16 Trachea, 2/Trunk – 21 Shoulder, 223 Heart, 225 Lungs, 231 Lumbar Region, 240 Abdomen, 251 Hip, 2563 Ovaries 3/Upper Extremities – 311 Upper Arm, 312 Elbow,32 Wrist, 381 Hands and Fingers 4/Lower Extremities – 411 Thighs, 412 Knees, 4323 Heel, 4329 Sole

  22. Primary Source of Injury: Titles & Examples 0/Chemicals and Chemical Products – 0123 Hydrochloric acid, 0540 Lead, 055 Mercury 1/Containers – 111, Bags, sacks, totes, 112 Barrels/kegs/drums, 118 Tanks/bins/vats, 2/Furniture and Fixtures – 212 Cabinets, 236 Tables, 2411 Lamps 3/Machinery – 3111 Balers, 3122 Riding lawnmowers, 3212 Bulldozers 4/Parts and Materials – 4112 Concrete blocks, 4133 Beams, 4198 Drywall, 5/Persons, Plants, Animals, and Minerals – 5122 Chickens, 516 Reptiles/snakes, 552 Boulders, 574 Relative of injured or ill worker 6/Structures and Surfaces – 621 Escalators, 6223 Floor of mine, 6271 Ditches Trenches, 6460 Scaffolds 7/Tools, Instruments, and Equipment – 7124 Knives, 7133 Shovels, 7161 Hammers, 7173 Sanders. 8/Vehicles – 8121 Helicopter, 8254 Trailer truck, 8510 Forklift, 862 Wheelbarrow

  23. Types of Intervention Evaluations

  24. EXAMPLES OF HAZARDS

  25. A Confined Space is ____? Trapped, like rats!!! • Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter bodily and perform work; • Has limited (restricted) means of entry or exit; • Is not designed for continuous human occupancy. A space that:

  26. Tanks Manholes Boilers Furnaces Sewers Silos Hoppers Vaults Pipes Trenches Tunnels Ducts Bins Walk-in freezers Examples of Confined Spaces:

  27. Problems with confined spaces: ENTRY • The act by which a person intentionally passes through or into an opening into a confined space. • Any part of the body passing through the opening is considered entry.

  28. Two levels: Permit-required confined space entry For hazardous or potentially hazardous confined space work Non-permit confined space entry For non-hazardous confined space work Permit Required Administrative Control

  29. Lockout the entry-way to the confined space (preventive) Permit Required Engineering Control

  30. Engineering Controls: Electrical Hazards • Insulation of Electrical Equipment • Insulation of Personnel • Grounding • Encapsulation • Enclosure (Isolation) • Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFI) • Explosion proof devices • Lightning protection • Proper enclosure for bare conductors

  31. Administrative Controls: Electrical Hazards • Be sure power is off • Proper LOTO procedures • Properly qualified • Proper protective equipment • Always test the system • Do not wear conducting material • Rope man to evacuate worker from source • Use a checklist to ensure compliance Additionally: • Basic first aid and CPR

  32. Administrative Control: Hazard Communication Hazard communication or “hazcom” is a program where workers are told about the hazardous chemicals used in the workplace and where to find the materials data safety sheets (MSDS) for each. They are also trained on how to protect themselves from the effects of these hazardous chemicals. Hazcom training is required by OSHA  29 CFR 1910.1200

  33. Questions & Comments

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