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Cancer Cells

Cancer Cells. Honors Biology Ms. Kim. Another Type of Cell Division: Binary Fission. Prokaryotes (bacteria) Reproduce by a type of cell division called binary fission. Origin of replication. Cell wall. Plasma Membrane. E. coli cell. Bacterial Chromosome.

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Cancer Cells

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  1. Cancer Cells Honors Biology Ms. Kim

  2. Another Type of Cell Division: Binary Fission • Prokaryotes (bacteria) • Reproduce by a type of cell division called binary fission

  3. Origin of replication Cell wall Plasma Membrane E. coli cell Bacterial Chromosome Chromosome replication begins. Soon thereafter, one copy of the origin moves rapidly toward the other end of the cell. Two copies of origin 1 Replication continues. One copy ofthe origin is now at each end of the cell. 2 Origin Origin Replication finishes. The plasma membrane grows inward, and new cell wall is deposited. 3 4 Two daughter cells result. • In binary fission, • The bacterial chromosome replicates • The two daughter chromosomes move apart Figure 12.11

  4. 2 µm Figure 21.17 Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) • If cell doesn’t “pass” checkpoint, it goes through apoptosis • Cell signaling is involved in programmed cell death needed to maintain healthy tissues/ cell function

  5. Cancer cells usually continue to divide well beyond a single layer, forming a clump of overlapping cells. Figure 12.18 B 25 µm What is Cancer? Cancer cells • Disease caused by disruption of the control of cell division • Uncontrollable cell division • Can spread cancer cells throughout the body • METASTASIS • Cancer “masses” displaces normal tissue • Immortal cells (if enough nutrients)

  6. Loss of Cell Cycle Controls in Cancer Cells • Cancer cells • Do not respond normally to the body’s control mechanisms • Form tumors • TUMOR= mass or group of abnormal dividing cells • 2 types: • Benign • Mass of normal cells • Remain at original site • Malignant • Mass of cells from reproduction of cancer cells

  7. Why? • Don’t need growth factors  maybe they make their own growth factors • Mutations in GENES!!! • Ex: p53, cyclin or Cdk genes

  8. Cancer Treatment • Radiation  destroys DNA in cancer cells (these cells have lost ability to repair damage) • High energy radiation disrupts cell division • Surgery • Chemotherapy: Chemotherapeutic drugs interfere with specific steps in cell cycle • Also effects normal cells  • Drugs disrupt cell division • Anti-mitotic drug freezes spindle fibers

  9. 3 4 1 2 Tumor Lymphvessel Bloodvessel Glandular tissue Cancer cell MetastaticTumor Cancer cells spread through lymph and blood vessels to other parts of the body. A small percentage of cancer cells may survive and establish a new tumor in another part of the body. A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade neighboring tissue. Figure 12.19

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