CELLS MITOSIS TISSUE CANCER

1. CELLS MITOSIS TISSUE CANCER

2. What do the following organisms have in common? skink Conch starfish deer salamander

3. They have body parts that can….. REGROW!

5. Humans have limited abilities to regrow body parts…. A healthy liver can regenerate … that’s why you can be a living donor and donate a portion of your liver to someone with a diseased one But now – medical breakthroughs in regenerative medicine has led to this….

7. Planaria Laboratory Investigation

8. Learning Goal….. • To become familiar with Planaria (flatworms) and why they are important organisms in regenerative medicine

9. What are Planaria? • flatworms • Most live in freshwater • Avoid light (“negative phototaxis”) • Free living – not parasites • Carnivores – eat decaying meat, insects and larvae (egg yolks or liver in the lab) • 1-20 mm in size • Exhibit bilateral symmetry This picture has been released it into the public domain.

10. Digestive System Nervous system • Single opening (mouth/anus) – the Pharynx (feeding tube) • -branched intestines- to distribute nutrients to all cells - Can detect temperature changes, light, touch and chemicals in its environment. What type of tissue would help it do these things?

11. Movement • You will notice that a Planarian can twist, turn, stretch and contract (shorten) its body - What type of tissue would permit such movement? • You may also notice your worm “gliding” across the water. This is because they have CILIA on their ventral surface that “sweep” them along.

12. These simple flatworms are easily damaged, but ……. What type of cells do Planaria have to allow them to re-grow and form any type of cell it needed? • Planaria have an amazing ability to regenerate parts of themselves – into a complete flatworm • They make excellent organisms to study because they regrow fairly quickly and easily in a lab environment • By studying planarian regeneration, scientists can learn more about the complexity of tissue regeneration 1/279th

13. Slide courtesy of Dr. Sánchez Alvarado and Dr. Kyle Gurley

14. Learning Goal…… • To establish the variables for our investigation of tissue regeneration in Planaria

15. Our Laboratory Investigation- The effect of ___________on the amount of tissue regrowth in severed planaria Group Discussion: What variables might affect how much a flatworm can regrow in a 2 week period? Record your ideas on the sticky note paper provided. One variable per sticky note.

16. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Yoanna Cole Austin Brandon Justina Joyal Supriya Mallika Bianca Nisarg Anjila Monashi Sonia Candice Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Yordel Priyanka Sneh Dennishia Shadavia Surbi Manjot Namita Ramlah Ocean Ranjeet Impreet

17. For Our Investigation ….. • The Independent Variable will be the effect of a specific vitamin What vitamin?

18. Answer… Vitamin D What is it? • A vitamin produced naturally in our body in response to UV radiation from sunlight. • Added to foods – like eggs and milk • to increase intake

19. Vitamin D deficiency common in cancer patients - Medical Xpress medicalxpress.com/.../2011-10-vitamin-d-deficiency-common-cance...Cached 3 Oct 2011 – More than three-quarters of cancer patients have insufficient levels of ... of patients had vitamin D concentrations either deficient (less than 20 ... Skin Cancer Patients More Likely to Be Deficient in Vit D - - TIME ... healthland.time.com/.../balancing-skin-cancer-risk-and-low-vitamin-...Cached - Similar 19 Oct 2010 – It's a health conundrum that doctors have been trying to resolve for several years now: most Americans are deficient in vitamin D, which can ... Cancer and diabetes patients trend toward vitamin D deficiency ... www.themedifastplan.com/.../cancer-and-diabetes-patien... - United StatesCached 10 Oct 2011 – Sunlight is the recognized as the best natural source of vitamin D, but ... The vitamin D deficient cancer patients were put on a regimen of ... Vitamin D deficiency tied to host of dangers - The Boston Globe www.boston.com › News › Boston Globe › Health / ScienceSimilar 30 Dec 2004 – ...deficiency of vitamin D among Americans is more harmful than once ... increasing their risk of fractures, muscle weakness, and even cancer Headlines….

20. Our Investigation Purpose: How does Vitamin D (independent variable) affect the amount of tissue regeneration (dependent variable) that occurs in a 2 week period? What variables would we have to keep constant to make this a scientifically valid experiment? Record your answers on sticky notes of a different colour than the first task

21. What do you notice about the list of all the possible independent variables and the list of constant variables you just came up with?

22. Making Observations… Select one or two worms from the container and do the following: • Observe how it swims • flip it over, does it flip back on its own • Shine a light on it – what does it do? • Sketch it

23. In closing…… ? BA Battle cry: FREEDOM! RIDDLE William Wallace – a 13th century Scottish man who led his people to fight for Scotland’s independence from England

24. If Planaria were to take over the world, what would be their battle cry? http://www.cheeksofgod.com/planarian-man/

27. Care for your Planaria. Then what? • Your group will make observations on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for two weeks • You will measure the severed sections and determine the length of time (in days) required for the planarian to regenerate • You will record your results in your handouts • You will determine if vitamin D has an effect on regeneration

28. Slide courtesy of Dr. Sánchez Alvarado and Dr. Kyle Gurley