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Soil Types

Classification and characteristics Wendy Jansen. Soil Types. www.copleysociety.org. Soil Types Australian Soil Classification Great Soil Groups Ferrosols Sodosols Gypsum Dispersion test. Contents. Parent material Climate Topography Organic activity Age.

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Soil Types

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  1. Classification and characteristics Wendy Jansen Soil Types www.copleysociety.org

  2. Soil Types Australian Soil Classification Great Soil Groups Ferrosols Sodosols Gypsum Dispersion test Contents

  3. Parent material Climate Topography Organic activity Age Several factors influence the distribution of soil types Tutorvista.com

  4. Soil Taxonomy - Australian Classification

  5. Great Soil Groups

  6. Australian Soil Classification • 14 soil orders. • Each one describes key attributes of that soil including colour, texture, and structure. http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/

  7. Ferrosol • Their B2 horizon has high free iron oxide (Fe >5%). • These soils are only found in well-drained sites with rainfall between 700mm and 1450mm. • High agricultural potential because of their good structure and water-holding capacity. • Krasnozems may suffer from acidification and nutrient leaching. • They also have potential for structural decline. www.soil.org.au/

  8. Ferrosol is formed from Tertiary Basalt and is of volcanic origin. The red colour is due to oxides of iron. Oxides are an indication of well-aerated and therefore free-draining soil. Soil depths can be 6m+ and well-structured throughout. Ferrosol (Iron Soil) The Red Soil

  9. Distribution of Ferrosols in Australia www.soil.org.au/

  10. Sodosol • Highly sodic B horizon • Found in poorly drained sites with rainfall between 50mm and 1100mm. • Low agricultural potential with high sodicity leading to high erodibility, • Poor structure and low permeability. www.soil.org.au/

  11. Sodic soils are those soils with a high proportion of sodium ions relative to other cations in the soil or water. There are large areas of soils in Australia which have developed on sedimentary parent rock. Soils containing high amounts of sodium. Sodic soils are traditionally defined as having an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of greater than 6%, Sodicity promotes swelling and dispersion in clay soils. Salinity has the opposite effect. Saline soils are those with an highconcentration of any kind of salt, Sodic Soils

  12. Gypsum • Calcium sulphate is known as the clay breaking chemical. • Gypsum has been widely used as a calcium source to replace sodium. • Often misused. • Only improves soil structure of sodic clays. • When gypsum is applied it dissolves in water and stops clay dispersing. . Operating face in a cross-bedded gypsarenite dune, Cooke Plains S.A www.pir.sa.gov.au/minerals/geological

  13. How to test for Sodicity • Dispersion test • 100ml of rainwater • Add 4mm aggregates • Wait 2 hours • Cloudy = Sodic • The clay has dispersed. www.vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/ Dry aggregates Simulating cultivation

  14. References Australian Soil Club http: www.soil.org.au/accessed 09/10/10 Isbell, R.F 2002. The Australian Soil Classification. CSIRO. ACT. Lines –Kelly, R. 1994. Soil Sense. NSW Agriculture. Wollongbar. Morand,D.T. 1996 Soil Landscape Murwillumbah – Tweed. Land and Water Conservation.Sydney. Steven R Raine1 and Rob J Loch2 What is Sodic Soil? National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland. Young A and R, 2001 Soils in the Australian Landscape. Oxford University Press. Victorian Government http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/gloss_DG#dispersion accessed 05/10/12

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