1 / 24

Chapter 40 Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function

Chapter 40 Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function. Question. What is atrophy? Shrinkage-like decrease in the size of the muscle Fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue Rhythmic contraction of muscle Grating or crackling sound or sensation. Answer.

laurenberger
Download Presentation

Chapter 40 Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 40Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function

  2. Question What is atrophy? • Shrinkage-like decrease in the size of the muscle • Fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue • Rhythmic contraction of muscle • Grating or crackling sound or sensation

  3. Answer • Shrinkage-like decrease in the size of the muscle. Atrophy is shrinkage-like decrease in the size of the muscle. Bursa is a fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue. Clonus is rhythmic contraction of muscle. Crepitus is a grating or crackling sound or sensation.

  4. Functions of the Musculoskeletal System • Protection of vital organs • Mobility and movement • Facilitate return of blood to the heart • Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) • Reservoir for immature blood cells • Reservoir for vital minerals

  5. Structure • 206 bones in the body • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones • Joints • Muscles

  6. Structure of a Long Bone; Composition of Compact Bone

  7. Bone Cells • Osteoblasts • Function in bone formation • Osteocytes • Mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance • Located in the lacunae • Osteoclasts • Multinuclear cells function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone • Located in Howship’s lacunae

  8. Bone Formation and Maintenance • Osteogenesis: process of bone formation • Ossification: the process of formation of the bone matrix and deposition of minerals • Bone is in constant state of turnover • Regulating factors • Stress and weight bearing • Vitamin D • Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin • Blood supply • Role of calcium

  9. Bone Healing • Hematoma and inflammation • Angiogenesis and cartilage formation • Cartilage calcification • Cartilage removal • Bone formation • Remodeling

  10. Question Is the following statement true or false? Epiphysis is the bone-forming cell.

  11. Answer False Epiphysis is the end of a long bone. Osteoblast is a bone-forming cell.

  12. Joints (Articulation): Junction of Two or More Bones • Synarthrosis: immovable joints • Amphiarthrosis: allow limited movement • Diarthrosis: freely movable • Ball and socket • Hinge • Saddle • Pivot • Gliding

  13. Hinge Joint of the Knee

  14. Muscles • Attached to bones and other structures by tendons • Encased in a fibrous tissue—fascia • Contraction of muscle causes movement • Sarcomere: the contractile unit of skeletal muscle that contains actin and myosin • Muscle cell fibers react to electrical stimulation • Contraction uses energy in the form of ATP • Anaerobic pathways using glucose metabolized from stored glycogen provide energy for more strenuous muscle activity

  15. Muscle Maintenance • Muscle tone • Muscle actions • Exercise, disuse, and repair

  16. Question Is the following statement true or false? Bone is in a constant state of turnover.

  17. Answer True Bone is in a constant state of turnover.

  18. Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System • Include data related to function ability; ADLs, IADLS, and ability to perform various activities; note any problems related to mobility • Health history: family history, general health maintenance, nutrition, occupation, learning needs, socioeconomic factors, and medications (include OTC) • Assessment of painand altered sensations • Physical assessment: posture, gait, bone integrity, joint function, muscle strength and size, skin, neurovascular status

  19. Normal Spine and Three Abnormalities

  20. Detecting Fluid in the Knee

  21. Rheumatoid Arthritis—Ulnar Deviation and “Swan-Neck” Deformity

  22. Diagnostic Evaluation • Radiographs • Computed tomography • MRI • Arthrography • Bone densitometry • Bone scan • Arthroscopy • Arthrocentesis • Electromyography • Biopsy • Laboratory studies

  23. Question Which statement is false about magnetic resonance imaging? • Credit cards with magnetic strips may be erased. • Nonremovable cochlear implant devices can become inoperable. • Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauze. • Jewelry and hair clips must be removed before the MRI is performed.

  24. Answer • Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauze. True statements are credit cards with magnetic strips may be erased. Nonremovable cochlear implant devices can become inoperable. Jewelry and hair clips must be removed before the MRI is performed. Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauze is false. Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be removed before the MRI is performed because they can cause burns.

More Related