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2.05/2.06: Reform Movements of the Antebellum Era

2.05/2.06: Reform Movements of the Antebellum Era. Antebellum Reform : Movements calling for change before the Civil War There were many different reform movements prior to the Civil War. Religious Reforms. When you finish your notes, put the pages in your notebook:

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2.05/2.06: Reform Movements of the Antebellum Era

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  1. 2.05/2.06: Reform Movements of the Antebellum Era Antebellum Reform: Movements calling for change before the Civil War There were many different reform movements prior to the Civil War

  2. Religious Reforms

  3. When you finish your notes, put the pages in your notebook: • P. 17: Religious & Other Reforms • P18: African American Reforms • P19: Women & Labor Reforms • Then…finish the last section of your G2 study guide

  4. 2nd Great Awakening Religious movement emphasizing individual responsibility for salvation N & S churches split over slavery

  5. Revivals Religious gatherings with passionate speeches Increased church membership Charles Finney: Father of Revivalism

  6. African American Churches • Slaves were forced to go to their owner’s church • Sermons are promise of freedom • Church gave slaves a sense of community • Acted as the social, cultural & political center for slaves

  7. Other Reform Movements

  8. Utopian Communities Experimental groups that tried to create a “utopia” or perfect place

  9. Education Reform • Horace Mann: wanted school reform • Create teacher training programs

  10. Prison Reform Dorothea Dix: Helped get laws passed for prison reforms & help for the mentally ill

  11. African-American Reform Movements

  12. Abolition Reform movement wanting to outlaw slavery

  13. William L. Garrison • Radical white abolitionist • Wrote “The Liberator” • Newspaper preaching abolition

  14. Emancipation The immediate freeing of slaves Slave owners will not be paid Not all abolitionist supported emancipation!

  15. David Walker Free African American who urged others to fight for their freedom Supported the use of violence

  16. Frederick Douglass Believed education was the path to freedom Wrote “The North Star” & urged others to run away to freedom Promoted peaceful separation Political activism was the way to gain freedom

  17. Nat Turner’s Rebellion Slave rebellion that killed 55-60 whites in Virginia Turner & several others were captured & killed

  18. Southern Response to Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Many argued for immediate emancipation avoid more revolts… • Revenge was enacted against many blacks – most who had nothing to do with the rebellion • Abt. 200 blacks were killed • Virginia Debate: • State legislature defended slavery & voted against abolition • Gag Rule: • Limited the debate on slavery • Slave Codes: • Stricter controls placed on slaves • Can’t own gun • Can’t testify in court • Can’t assemble • Can’t buy alcohol • Can’t get an education

  19. Women’s Reform Movement

  20. Cult of Domesticity • Traditional “women’s work” • Caring for children, cooking, cleaning

  21. Grimke Sisters • Angelina Grimke: Wrote “An Appeal to Christian Women of the South” • Asked women to overthrow the system of oppression

  22. Temperance Effort to prohibit alcohol Influenced by religion & women’s movement

  23. Women’s Education & Health Few educational opportunities Schools were burned down!! Women were in very poor health Restrictive clothing Lack of bathing!

  24. Seneca Falls Convention • 1st Women’s Rights convention • Supported by abolitionists b/c fighting for similar rights • Leaders: • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucretia Mott

  25. Sojourner Truth Former slave who traveled the country speaking for abolition & women’s rights

  26. Labor Reform Movement

  27. Immigration • Increased between 1830-1860 • Many from Ireland & Germany • Avoided South • Not needed due to slave labor • Settled in North & worked in factories • Low wages • Used as strike breakers • Created more job competition

  28. Trade Unions Workers began to organize into unions & wanted better wages & working conditions

  29. Commonwealth v Hunt Upheld the rights of workers Strikes were legal

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