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Life During the Civil War

Life During the Civil War. African Americans in the Fight. 1862 – Congress passed a law allowing Blacks to serve After E.P. many more enlisted Only 1% of population, 10% of enlistment Less pay, until Congress equalized in 1864, more deaths due to labor conditions

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Life During the Civil War

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  1. Life During the Civil War

  2. African Americans in the Fight • 1862 – Congress passed a law allowing Blacks to serve • After E.P. many more enlisted • Only 1% of population, 10% of enlistment • Less pay, until Congress equalized in 1864, more deaths due to labor conditions • As POW of Confederates, usually executed, unlike whites. • Ex. Fort Pillow – massacred 200 African Americans

  3. Slave Resistance in Confederacy • As Union army came closer, thousands of slaves resisted owners and awaited • Many others did not perform their tasks, or destroyed plows and fences, didn’t feed livestock • In some areas, slave resistance led to violence • Southerners increased slave patrols and spread rumors about how Union soldiers abused runaways.

  4. Southern Economy • Food shortages due to • Drain of manpower into the army • Union occupation of food-growing areas • Loss of slaves to work in fields • Spent from $6.85 on food per month to $68 a month • Caused bread riots, broken up by Jefferson Davis • Some Confederate storage of rice released • Union blockade of ports caused other shortages (salt, sugar, coffee, nails, needles, medicines) • Caused smuggling of goods into North for exchange of gold

  5. Northern Growth • Army’s demand for goods, boomed industries • Farmers needed equipment since no workers • Wages did not keep up with prices, so many’s standard of living declined • Strikers replaced with blacks, immigrants, and women • Created first income tax to tap into economic wealth to help pay for war.

  6. Fighting on the Line • Heavy casualties • Filthy surroundings • garbage, bathroom designations, showers • Limited Diet • Beans, bacon, pickled beef, hardtack, “cush” • Inadequate medical care

  7. POW • Andersonville – Confederate Prison in GA • No shelter • Water source was sewer source • 1/3 prisoners died • Henry Wirz, camp commander was executed as war criminal • North camps no better, especially since southerners not accustomed to cold

  8. Clara Barton/Sanitary Commission/ Women • Movement to improve hygienic conditions of camps in the North through US Sanitary Commission. • Clara Barton • War nurse, collected supplies, cared for sick/wounded • Est. American Red Cross • Effects: Considerable improvement in Union death rate for the time • Improvement of opportunities for Women

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