Argumentative Writing and Essay Structure

1. Argumentative Writing and Essay Structure English 10

2. Define that please. ar·gu·men·ta·tive Adjective 1. given to expressing divergent or opposite views. 2. using or characterized by systematic reasoning

3. Components an introduction 1. 2. 3. Attention getter or the Hook. Captures the attention of readers and makes them interested in reading more. General Comments Creates a bridge between the attention getter and the thesis statement. Thesis Statement Conveys the argument being made stance being taken in the paper and may or may not include a road map of topics.

4. Types of thesis statements for argumentative writing Occasion/Position: Occasion – states the reason you are writing Position – states what you plan to prove Examples: Even though bike helmets can feel cumbersome or uncomfortable, all cyclists should wear them. Although human casualties are alarming in any situation, the United States should not become involved in Syria. Even though the United States is sometimes criticized for “policing the world,” the U.S. needs to take an active military stand against Syria.

5. More transitions that work with occasion/position statements • In order to • If • After • Since • Before • Whenever • As long as • As • Even though • Although • Unless • While • When • Even • As if • Whether • Until • Even if • Wherever • As soon as

6. Types of thesis statements cont’d. However statements (using a conjunctive adverb to connect ideas and build a complex sentence) State the overall issue; however, state the position The penny has been in circulation since 1797; however, it is time to make a change and do away with the penny in US currency.

7. Other conjunctive adverbs • as a result • consequently • furthermore • in fact • meanwhile • likewise ; , overall issue conjunctive adverb position

8. Supporting paragraphs (at least 2) • Begin with a supporting claim (topic sentence). • Use cited evidence that supports the claim. • Use warrants and additional explanation to show why the claim is valid. • End with a concluding sentence.

9. Opposing Position • Counterclaim = opposing side claim

10. Opposing Position Paragraphs • Begin with a counterclaim (topic sentence) • Introduce cited evidence that backs up the counterclaim’s argument • Transition to the rebuttal and point out flaws in the opposition. • Concluding sentence. **You will want to bring up at least two facts from the opposing position – this could be accomplished in one or two paragraphs.

11. Concluding Paragraph • Restatement of thesis • Same idea as the thesis but different words • General Comments • Tie up loose ends add any more details • Final comments – reaffirming your position • leave the reading thinking

12. Style Pointers • Use transitions to move from one idea to the next and especially when changing from claims to counterclaims • Avoid vague words (stuff) • Write in 3rd person only • Cite all facts (anything that isn’t common sense)