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Understanding Terrestrial Biomes: Types and Characteristics

Explore the diverse terrestrial biomes such as deserts, grasslands, tundra, forests, and more with distinct climate, flora, and fauna. Learn about the management and restoration of these ecosystems and the essential role they play in supporting life on Earth.

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Understanding Terrestrial Biomes: Types and Characteristics

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  1. Biomes, Landscapes, Restoration, Management

  2. Terrestrial Biomes • Biomes definition - geographic locations on earth that demonstrate similar climate, topography, soil conditions, and communities

  3. TYPES OF TERRESTRIAL BIOMES • Deserts • Grasslands (Prairies & Savannas) • Tundra • Conifer Forests • Deciduous & Evergreen Forests • Tropical Moist Forests • Tropical Seasonal Forests

  4. Climograph of some major Ecosystems

  5. Deserts 1. precipitation- very little (2-10 cm/yr) 2. temperature - varies greatly (-10 to 40 C) 3. life forms - uniquely suited to harsh environment (conserve water!)

  6. Grasslands: Prairies and Savannas 1. precipitation- moderate (20-120 cm/yr) 2. temperature - varies moderately (-7 to 22 C) 3. life forms - • abundant grasses and flowering plants (few trees) • very suited to agriculture • wolves, deer, elk, bison, antelope (native) *RICH AGRICULTURAL SOIL

  7. Tundra 1. features- high mountains and northern & southern latitudes (frozen but not all ice) 2. precipitation- moderate (10-100 cm/yr) 3. temperature - hardly varies (-20 to -4 C) 4. arctic tundra - lower altitude, rough soil 5. alpine tundra - higher altitude, less oxygen

  8. Conifer Forests 1. features-”cone bearing” trees; thin needles as leaves to preserve water 2. precipitation- moderate (10-180 cm/yr) 3. temperature - varies moderately (-12 to 20 C) • boreal forest - mixed coniferous and deciduous trees (hemlock, spruce, cedar, firs) • taiga - on border of tundra, starts to become sparse with trees • temperate rain forest - Olympia Park in Washington

  9. Broad-Leaved Deciduous & Evergreen Forests 1. features- “deciduous” trees (drop leaves) 2. precipitation- moderate (50 -200 cm/yr) 3. temperature - varies moderately (-12 to 20 C) • typical trees - oak, maple, birch, beech, elm, ash *RICH AGRICULTURE SOIL

  10. Tropical Moist Forests 1. features- constant temperature and rain 2. precipitation- heavy (>200 cm/yr) 3. temperature - constant (22 - 30 C) • cloud forests - high on mountains in tropics • tropical rain forests - lower in altitude; richest diversity of life forms on earth *MOST PRODUCTIVE AND DIVERSE *POOR AGRICULTURE SOIL

  11. Tropical Seasonal Forests 1. features- rainy (monsoon) and dry seasons 2. precipitation- heavy (150- 220 cm/yr) 3. temperature - constant (22 - 30 C) • vegetation - evergreen and deciduous, giving way the woodlands and savannas

  12. Aquatic Ecosystems • 70% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE • WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO LIFE • It dissolves nutrients • It distributes and removes substances in & out of cells • It regulates body temperature • It supports structures

  13. Freshwater and Saline Ecosystems 1. freshwater ecosystems- rivers, ponds, lakes • vertical stratification (light, temp, oxygen) • benthos - community on bottom • thermocline - temp gradient going deeper • “salty” lakes - land-locked slat water areas

  14. Estuary & Wetlands: Fresh to Sea 1. estuary- site where river meets ocean • rich in nutrients • great gradient of salt content • delta - broad “fan-like” deposit of soil • wetland - land surface saturated most of year • swamps - wetlands with trees • marshes - wetlands without trees

  15. Shoreline and Barrier Islands 1. shoreline- where ocean meets land • varied and rich forms of life • subject to severe erosion during stormy seasons 2. barrier islands- form off the coastline • protect shoreline (Atlantic and Gulf coasts) 3. coral reefs- skeletons of “corals” over time • actual “living islands” for communities to live

  16. LAKES

  17. STREAMS RIVERS ESTUARIES

  18. Human Disturbances • Human Disturbances • overuse of terrestrial biomes • agriculture, slash and burn • overcutting of forests for wood products • erosion increase • domination by cities and building • NAME YOUR OWN EXAMPLES !!!!!!!!!!!!

  19. Landscape Ecology • Landscape Ecology 1. defintion- spatial relationships of ecological phenomenon

  20. Restoration Ecology • Restoration Ecology - repair and reconstruction of damaged ecosystems 1. restoration- bring back to former condition 2. rehabilitation- not fully restoring 3. remediation- simply “cleaning up” pollutants 3. reclamation- turning from one use to another

  21. Ecosystem Management • Roles Played by Different Groups • government (local, state, federal) • activist groups (Green Peace, Sierra Club …) • citizens • corporations

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