Prevention Cardiovascular disease

1. Prevention Cardiovascular disease Dr Abir Youssef

2. What isCardiovascular disease (CVD) CVD is the name for group of heart and blood vessels disorders that include: 1. Hypertension (high blood pressure) 2. Coronary heart disease (heart attack) 3. Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)

3. 4. Peripheral vascular disease 5. Heart failure 6. Rheumatic heart disease 7. Congenital heart disease 8. Cardiomyopathies

4. Major modifiable risk factors for CVD are: Smoking Diabetes Hypertension Dyslipidaemia Physical inactivity Overweight and obesity, particularly central fat distribution

5. Major non-modifiable risk facts • Aging • Male gender • Ethnicity • Family history of premature death from CHD, dyslipidaemia

6. Minor risk factors • Excessive alcohol consumption • Stress

7. Facts about: CVD-CHD • Once clinically manifest, the disease apt to be progressive and often lethal, • The patient can seldom be cured or restored to full function

8. Facts about: CVD-CHD Data from large multinational studies indicate that 30 - 40% of all individuals who presented with an acute coronary syndrome have had no prior warning symptoms to suggest the presence of the underlying disease.

9. The size of the problem(UK) • CHD is the single most common cause of premature death • UK death rate from CHD among the highest in the world • Someone has a heart attack every two minutes in the UK British Heart Foundation. Coronary Heart Disease Statistics.2004

10. The size of the problem CVD global • CVD made up 16.6 million, or one-third, of global deaths in 2001. • Around 80% of CVD deaths took place in low and middle-income countries.

11. The size of the problem CVD global • By 2010, CVD will be the leading cause of death in developing countries. • At least 20 million people survive heart attacks and strokes every year; many require continuing costly clinical care.

12. Cost of CVD • WHO estimated: 17 million people die of CVDs each year • CVD affects people in their mid-life years, undermining the socioeconomic development, not only of affected individuals, but families and nations

13. Facts about prevention of CVD Many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be prevented by: • Combination of simple, cost-effective national efforts and individual actions to reduce major risk factors. • Action on the major primary risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking.

14. Individual Strategies which are effective in preventing CVD: • Consume a diet high in fruits vegetables, nuts and whole grains, and low in refined grains. • Avoid excessively salty or sugary foods.

15. Individual Strategies which are effective in preventing CVD: • At least 30 minutes of regular physical activity daily • Avoid smoking • Maintain a healthy weight.

16. How to improve cardiovascular health • 1. The population-wide approach • 2. The individual approach

17. 1.The population-wide approach targets the whole community : • Promoting the importance of CVD as a public health priority at all levels. • Reducing tobacco consumption • Modifying behavior relating to diet and physical activity

18. How to improve cardiovascular health 2. The individualized approach aims to detect individuals at greatest absolute risk

19. Action to Reduce CVD • INCREASE AWARNESS OF CVD • PREVENTION: • Tobacco control • Promote healthy diets • Promote physical activity

20. Action to Reduce CVD • SCREENING: Screening service to assess the risk of developing heart disease • MANAGEMENT:Primary and secondary prevention in individuals at high risk of CVD • RESEARCH