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Poetry Terms and TPCASTT. T -- Title. Ponder the title before reading the poem Look at the title and attempt to predict what the poem will be about. If no title is provided, use the first line of the poem. Using the sample in front of you, let ’ s do this step now. P -- Paraphrase.
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T -- Title • Ponder the title before reading the poem • Look at the title and attempt to predict what the poem will be about. If no title is provided, use the first line of the poem. • Using the sample in front of you, let’s do this step now.
P -- Paraphrase • Translate the poem into your own words • Make sure you understand the literal plot of the poem. • Write notes in the margin beside each major section of the poem so you can review these later
speaker/persona • the perspective from which a literary work is written or told
P -- Paraphrase • When you paraphrase, it’s important to not only consider the persona/speaker, but also the audience, and the basic conflict. • Try doing a line by line paraphrase of the sample poem you have.
C -- Connotation • Contemplate the poem for meaning beyond the literal level • Look for any and all poetic devices and try to see how those devices contribute to the meaning, the effect or both of the poem • Analyze your sample poem now as we discuss specific devices . Circle these devices and make margin notes about their meanings.
Figurative Language Devices The figurative language devices contribute to the imagery in poetry and other genres.
simile • comparing two objects using like or as
metaphor • speaking of one things as if it were something else • “She’s a brick house.”
personification Maybe if guys were like the magic carpet they would have to spit their game so hard to get a girl. • giving nonhuman objects human characteristics
hyperbole • an obvious exaggeration for the sake of emphasis, not to be take literally “I was hopping mad!”
Sound Devices The sound devices contribute to the musical/lyrical qualities of poetry
alliteration She sells sea shells by the seashore… • the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words in a line of verse
onomatopoeia • the use of a word to represent or imitate nature sounds, i.e. buzz, crunch, tinkle
A -- Attitude • Observe both the speaker’s attitude and the poet’s attitude (this may or may not be clear) • This, of course, is TONE. • Remember that these attitudes will probably shift or be mixed in the poem. Label all you see, especially if you see a shift.
What might the tone be in a game after a few shot’s like this? When you’ve been losing to your friend for the past two hours? tone • The attitude a writer takes toward a reader, the subject or a character
TONE=DIDLS • D=Diction • I=Imagery • D=Details • L=Language • S=Syntax or sentence structure
diction • the author’s word choice in a literary work
imagery Like When you watch the food network channel, when you’re hungry… • Imagery involves one or more of your five senses (hearing, taste, touch, smell, sight). An author uses a word or phrase to stimulate your memory of those senses
Details • Details involves not only what you’re told, but also what you’re not told • What does the poet choose to tell you and what does he choose to leave out?
LANGUAGE: Literal Meaning vs. Figurative Meanings • Literalmeanings refer to the actual meanings of words or images; realism. • Figurative meanings refer to something more than the literal meanings (subtext) of words or images; imagination.
Literal Meaning vs. Figurative Meanings She’s a “brick house.” Which one are they talking about?
Denotation Dictionary definition of a word
Connotation • The understood meaning of word, including the emotional associations attached to the word- (ex. Hot- like attractive)
syntax Even big corporations like Target use this poetic device! • the pattern or arrangement of words in a statement
S – Structure and Shift • Identify the structure of the poem (how it is divided, etc.) • Note shifts in speakers or attitudes. Look for transition words to indicate these shifts. • Are there any shifts in the poem before you?
rhyme • the repetition of sounds at the ends of words; words containing the same vowel sounds in the accented syllable
rhyme scheme • pattern of rhyming words, usually denoted with letters
internal rhyme Look at the following excerpt from “The Raven” • rhyming words that fall within a line of poetry
end rhyme Good ole’ Miley uses end rhyme… • rhyming words that are repeated at the end of lines
slant rhyme see example on next slide • A partial or imperfect rhyme, often using assonance or consonance only. Also called half rhyme, near rhyme, oblique rhyme and off rhyme.
Slant rhymes do not have to be spelled in different ways. Examples: how, row / lovely, funny.
stanzas • Poems are usually written in segments much like the paragraphs of a story or essay. These segments in poems are called stanzas, a group of lines, usually four or more, arranged in a fixed pattern.
stanza forms • a. couplet-two lines of verse that rhyme (aa) • b. triplet or tercet-a three-line stanza or three lines of verse within a larger unit that usually rhyme (aaa)
stanza forms, continued • c. quatrain-a four-line stanza • d. quintet (cinquain)-a five-line stanza • e. sestet-a six-line stanza • f. septet or hepastitch-a seven-line stanza • g. octave-an eight line stanza
forms of poetry Poems come in a variety of types or forms. We will study some of the traditional forms of poetry as well as some that are outside the scope of tradition.
rhymed verse • verse with end rhyme and usually a regular meter (beat)
unrhymed verse • verse with end rhyme and usually a regular meter (beat)
fixed pattern or fixed form or closed form a kind of template or formula that poetry can be formed in
haiku • a traditional Japanese three-line poem containing five syllables in the first line, seven in the second, and five again in the third.
ballad • a simple narrative poem in four-line stanzas, usually meant to be sung and usually rhyming abab
sonnet • a fourteen-line poem, usually in iambic pentameter, that follows one of a number of different rhyme schemes
epic • a long story, often told in verse, involving heroes and gods and providing a portrait of an entire culture, as well as the legends, beliefs, values, laws, arts, and ways of life of a people.
lyric • a highly musical verse that expresses the emotions of a speaker
narrative • a verse that tells a story
free verse • lines of verse that do not have a regular meter and that do not rhyme
meter • the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables established in a line of poetry.
meter, continued The stressed syllable is called the accented or long syllable and is marked with an accent mark‘ when scanned. The unstressed syllable is also called the unaccented or short syllable and is marked with a u shaped mark when scanned.
Blank Verse A type of poetry with a definite meter (rhythm) but no rhyme scheme
