Early Man

1. Early Man

2. Vocabulary • Historian people who study and write about human past • Archaeologist hunt for evidence of past civilizations • Artifact weapons, tools, and other things mad by humans • Fossil traces of plants and animals preserved in rock • Anthropologist study human society • Nomad people who regularly move from place to plac • Technology tools and methods to help people perform tasks • Domesticate tame animals and plants for human use • Specialization development of different jobs

3. History • Began about 5,500 years ago • Prehistory- before people developed writing • Archaeologists look for evidence buried in the ground about the earlier civilizations and societies • They find artifacts- tools and fossils • Anthropologists use these discoveries to study how human societies developed and how humans related to one another

4. Stone Age 2.5 million- 3,000 BC • Early period of human history • Humans used stone to make tools • Paleolithic- old stone age 2.5 million years to 8,000 BC • Ice Ages- 100,000 BC to 8,000 BC • Neolithic - new stone age 8,ooo BC to 3,000 BC • Bronze Age- 3,000-1,200 BC

5. Paleolithic • Hunter-gatherers: fish, insects, nuts, berries, fruits, grains, and plants. • Always on the move- nomads • Groups of approximately 30 • Women gathered and raised children; men hunted and made tools • Invented spears, traps, bows • Shelter- caves then probably poles with animal skins • Fire- important discovery- warmth, scared animals, cooked and preserved food

6. Ice Ages • Long periods of extreme cold. • Fire was essential to the survival of humans • Thick sheets of ice covered parts of Europe, Asia, and North America • Threat to human life- cold and hunger • Adapted- changed diet, build sturdier shelters, used animal hides to make clothing, mastered fire.

7. Other advancements • Spoken language- easier to work together and pass on knowledge • Art- cave paintings- crushed rocks to make powders for paint, dabbed on cave walls, mostly scenes of other animals • Historians not sure why • May have had religious meaning • Technology- stone and bone • Flint • Hit with hard stone to make sharp edges- hand axes and spears • Later flakes – sheets like knives • Bone- fish hooks and needles ( nets, baskets, sewing hides for clothing)

9. Neolithic • Beginning of farming, settlements, producing goods, and trade • Plants and animals domesticated • Carts • Gradually farming replaced hunting and gathering • Agricultural Revolution • People in different parts of the world discovered how to grow crops at about the same time • Villages- farmers had to stay near their crops; herders remained nomads

10. Villages • Humans built sturdier homes • Europe, Egypt, India, China, Mexico • Earliest communities in Middle East • Greater security: steady food supplies, growing population, more workers to harvest crops • Began to trade extra food in own and other communities • Not everyone was needed for farming- developed other skills • Pottery, weaving, craftspeople SPECIALIZATION • Other advances • Better farming tools: sickle to cut grain • Other metals- copper tools

11. Jericho CatalHuyuk (chah> TAHL hoo<YOOK Present Day Turkey 6,000 people 6,700 BC to 5,700 BC Mud brick houses packed tightly together with painting inside on the walls Other buildings for places of worship .West Bank between Israel and Jordan • 8,000 BC • Walled City • Joshua

13. CatalHuyuk

15. Bronze Age • 4,000 BC • Craftspeople in Asia mixed copper and tin • Bronze was stronger and longer lasting

16. Paleolithic Neolithic • Cave paintings of animals • Hunted animals • Gathered nuts and berries • Fire, language, simple tools, shelters • Women gathered, raised children • Men hunted • Pottery, carved objects, built shelters and tombs • Farm in permanent villages • Raised and herded animals • Mud brick homes and places of worship • Specialized jobs • Tools of copper and bronze • Women cared for children and performed household tasks • Men herded, farmed, and protected village

17. Cause: Farming Begins Effect Effect Effect People began to settle in villages People began to have specific jobs- specialization People had time for other things- inventions: language, tools, religion, crafts ( pottery, weaving)

18. Paleolithic, Neolithic, or both • Lived in small groups of nomads hunted and fished • Created wall paintings gathered plants and fruits • Underwent farming revolution made stone tools and weapons • Lived in villages farmed, raised animals , traded • Made farming tools discovered how to use fire • Practiced specialization of jobs started to speak a language • Made tools of copper and bronze created cave paintings • Built shelters

19. Paleolithic Both Neolithic Lived in small groups of nomads Gathered plants and fruits Discovered how to use fire Started to speak a language Created cave paintings Hunted and fished Made stone tools And weapons Built shelters Created wall paintings Underwent farming revolution Lived in villages Farmed, raised animals, traded Practice specialization Made tools out of copper and bronze