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The Ideal Free Distribution Theory. Are Fish Really “Ideal Free?”

The Ideal Free Distribution Theory. Are Fish Really “Ideal Free?”. Kelly Fox Marine Biology Major Tennessee Technological University. What is the Problem?. Summary.

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The Ideal Free Distribution Theory. Are Fish Really “Ideal Free?”

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  1. The Ideal Free Distribution Theory. Are Fish Really “Ideal Free?” Kelly Fox Marine Biology Major Tennessee Technological University

  2. What is the Problem? Summary The problem in this experiment is determining whether or not fish are ideal free? I hope to accomplish this goal by recreating an experiment done in Animal Behavior Lab. My expected results for this experiment are that the fish are indeed ideal free.

  3. Introduction The idea of ideal free distribution was created by Fretwell & Lucas in 1970. The ideal free distribution theory predicts that the spatial consumers should follow the distribution of the resources they depend on. Since then the idea has been recreated in many different experiments and documented by others such as: • Beckmann, Jon P., Berger, Joel. 2003. Using black bears to test ideal-free distribution models experimentally. Journal of Mammalogy 84: 594 • Cressman, Ron., Krivan, Vlastimil., Garay, Josef. 2004. Ideal free distributions, evolutionary games, and populations dynamics in multiple-species environments. The American Naturalist 164: 473 • Darling, Ruth A. 2000. Habitat Quality and the Distribution of Fish: Are Fish “Ideal Free”? Bioscene 26: 27-30 • Jackson, A.L., Humphries, S., Ruxton, G.D. 2004. Resolving the departures of observed results from the Ideal free distribution with simple random movements. Ecology 73: 612-62

  4. Objective The objective of this experiment is of course to provide evidence that the ideal free distribution theory is correct. Hypothesis My hypothesis is: Are Fish Really Ideal Free?

  5. Methods & Materials Methods: I am recreating an experiment done in Animal Behavior Labs.The experiment itself is to place 4 fish in a tank and add food. Then watch for 15 minutes to see which side of tank they go to. Repeat experiment with 8 fish. Data Form Materials: 10 Gallon Aquarium Tank, Fish Food, 12 Goldfish/Guppies.

  6. Results & Benefits The results of the experiment differ of course for every experiment done. In my experiment however the results are as follows: 4 Fish In Tank: Throughout the 15 trials 35 times they were on the right side and 25 times they were on the left side. 8 Fish In Tank: Throughout the 15 trials 41 times they were on the right side and 79 they were on the left side. The benefit of these results is that they help support the idea of ideal free distribution because of the wide range in numbers.

  7. Timeline/Budget The actual time spent doing the experiment was about an hour and 15 minutes. The total time spent on the project will be about 4 weeks. The budget for the project was $25.00 plus any extra costs for replacing the goldfish.

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