Molecules of Life

1. Molecules of Life

2. Water • The human body is mostly water • Lean muscle: ____ water • Blood: ____ water • Body fat: ___ water • Bone: ___ water • All living organisms require water to live

3. Properties of Water • Water is a ________ _________ • Each atom has a partial charge • Molecule has zero net charge • Polar molecules have special properties • ___________ • Bond with each other (___________) • Take longer to heat and cool δ - O H H δ + δ + δ - δ - O O H H H H δ + δ + δ + δ +

4. Water Trivia • What occupies more volume – 8 oz of water at room temperature, or 8 oz of water at -10 F? • Answer: ____________, because ______________ _________________________________________

5. Properties of Water • Water molecules are attracted to molecules of solid surfaces (___________) • _____________________________________________________________________(capillary action)

6. Carbon • A carbon atom has _____________________ – wants to make 4 bonds to be stable • Carbon can bond with itself and many other elements • Because it’s so friendly, _____________ __________________________

7. Organic Molecules • ____________________________________________________ organic molecule !! Except CO2 !! • Most organic molecules are arranged like chains • Each link is a __________ • A chain is a _________ • A large molecule made of a long chain or chains is a ____________________

8. Types of Organic Molecules

9. Carbohydrates • Molecules used for energy, __________________ • Monosaccharide: a simple sugar (glucose, fructose, galactose) • Disaccharide: _______________________ bound together (sucrose aka table sugar) • Polysaccharide: 3 or more monosaccharides (___________ hundreds of glucose molecules bonded together)

10. Lipids • Fatty compounds made of C H O, ____________________ (hydrophobic) • ________________ are composed two lipid layers, which keep water from crossing into or out of the cell randomly • Lipids are polymers made up of fatty acid monomers • Fatty acids have __________________________ Polar(Yay water!) Non polar(Boo water!)

11. Lipid Trivia • Why do polar molecules like to interact with water, and non polar ones don’t? • Answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Lipid Layers • Lipids in water will arrange themselves to __________________________________ __________________________________ • Cell membranes are composed of a ___________________

13. Other Lipids

14. Nucleic Acids • The genetic material in any cell • __________________________ (DNA) and ___________________________ (RNA) • Polymer chains composed of a combination of 5 different monomers

15. Nucleic Acids • _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ • Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (DNA only), Uracil (RNA only) • Bond in specific pairs • __________________________ • __________________________ • Nucleic acid polymers are millions of monomers long, _________ ______________________ • Helix unwinds during replication (copying)

16. DNA Trivia • The DNA from a single human cell has a length of ~ 5.9 feet. • The biggest cells are less than 0.1 inches across • How can so much DNA fit in a cell? • Answer: ____________________________________________________________________

17. Proteins • Structural building blocks of cells in all tissues (not just muscle!) • Polymers composed of 300 – 100k+ monomers • Monomers are called ______________________ • There are 20 amino acids, many of which must come from your diet

18. Protein Structure • Primary structure – • Secondary structure –

19. Protein Structure • Tertiary structure – • Quaternary Structure –

20. Proteins in your body