Creating Transit Route Maps with ArcGIS

1. Creating Transit Route Maps with ArcGIS Will Chesser ESRI-Professional Services Redlands, CA

2. Topics • Transit route map overview • Relevant ArcGIS Tools and Concepts • Linear Referencing and Dynamic Segmentation • ArcGIS Schematics • Cartographic Representations • Network Analyst • Demos • Working with Linear Referencing in ArcGIS Schematics • Integrating ArcGIS Schematics and Cartographic Representations • Network Analyst routes ArcGIS Schematics

3. Transit Route Maps • Connectivity focused • Route details less important • Geoschematic • Stop’s geographic location is important • Path to stops of lesser importance • Schematic • Station-to-station • ‘What is next?’ • ‘How many stops until I get off?’ • Simplified geography • Stops • Connections • Landmarks • Main streets • Path still critical for route generation • Route may be multimodal • ‘Walk to bus stop, take bus to train terminal….’

4. The Classic Transit Route Map • London Underground – The Tube • Early versions (c. 1906)-Geographically correct • 1931 – Harry Beck-> Only topology (plus river!) matters

5. Further Examples • Bus Routes • Airline Routes

6. Route Map Variations • More ‘industrial’ versions • Not for public audience • Single line diagrams • Rail switching diagrams

7. ArcGIS for Transit Routes • Transportation data • Geometric networks • Network datasets • Linear referenced data (events and routes) • Key toolsets • ArcGIS Schematics Extension • Linear referencing and dynamic segmentation • Cartographic representations • Network Analyst Extension

8. What is ArcGIS Schematics? • ArcGIS Desktop extension

9. What is ArcGIS Schematics? • ArcGIS Desktop extension • For applications concerned with: • Connectivity • Relationships • Interdependency

10. What is ArcGIS Schematics? • ArcGIS Desktop extension • For applications concerned with: • Connectivity • Relationships • Interdependency • Utilizes • Geometric Networks(e.g., utility) • Network datasets (e.g., transportation) • Data with explicit connectivity (i.e. From/To node fields) (e.g., social network, time diagrams) • 3rd party APIs

11. Advantages of ArcGIS Schematics for Transit • Integrate maps and schematics • Depict and analyze relationships of spatial and aspatial features • Visualize complex relationships • Simplify • Organize and share information • Analyze the relationships of elements in a spatial context

12. Transportation Applications • Create straight-line diagrams • Generate subway, train, and bus routes Rail Branch Geography Rail Branch Straight Line Diagram

13. Transportation Applications • Create straight-line diagrams • Generate subway, train, and bus routes • Update and create switching plans • Generate rail yard diagrams Rail Yard Geography Rail Yard Diagram

14. Transportation Applications Geo-Schematic Service Area Diagram • Create straight-line diagrams • Generate subway, train, and bus routes • Update and create switching plans • Generate rail yard diagrams • Consume network dataset analysis Hierarchical Service Area Diagram Road Service Area

15. Transportation Applications • Create straight-line diagrams • Generate subway, train, and bus routes • Update and create switching plans • Generate rail yard diagrams • Consume network dataset analysis • Metro maps

16. Other Applications • Many applications beyond physical connectivity • Depict flow through a non-physical network

17. Other Applications • Many applications beyond physical connectivity • Depict flow through a non-physical network • Illustrate Interdependencies Flights, planes, cabin and cockpit crews scheduling Evaluate the impact of a late flight through flight interdependencies

18. Linear Referencing • Spatial data storage method • Store positions (distance) along a measured linear feature • Associate multiple attributes about a line without splitting line

19. Dynamic Segmentation • Definition • ‘Dynamic segmentation is the process of computing the map locations of events stored … in an event table using a linear referencing measurement system and displaying them on a map. The term "dynamic segmentation" is derived from the concept that line features need not be … segmented each time an attribute value changes -- you can "dynamically" locate the segment.’ • Edit, analyze, query attributes without affecting geometry

20. Linear Referencing vs. ArcGIS Schematics • ArcGIS Schematics Paradigm: • Elements represent real-world objects • Links based on to/from node topological relationships • Relative position of and distance between features is meaningless • Coordinate space fluctuates • Linear Referencing Paradigm: • Events represent measurements or qualities, not physical things • Events are route-based • Events have no direct relationship to underlying features of the route • Distance is critical for placement of measures • Coordinate space is fixed

21. Linear Referencing vs. ArcGIS Schematics • Core elements in a linear referencing system are: • Route • Event measures • Core elements in ArcGIS Schematics are: • Nodes • Links • Schematics knows nothing about routes • No direct relationship between events, lines, and routes in the data • Must establish this relationship Events Lines Comprise Fall Along Routes

22. DEMO-Using Linear Referencing Data in Schematics • Geoprocessing tool to relate events to links/edges • XML Builder diagram generation

23. XML Builder • Builders determine contents and connectivity • Selection starts with map feature • Custom trace functions and criteria definition for some diagrams • New at 9.3 • Supported at 9.2 SP4 • Facilitates schematic integration with 3rd party tools (Maximo, Rail(x)ML, etc.) • Custom XML External Components • Define additional criteria • Contain customization to derive connectivity and content from 3rd party API • Generate • Update • Usually one per diagram type

24. Cartographic Representations • Introduced at 9.2 • Apply rules for cartographic symbology • Richer symbols and edit functions • Edit map placement without changing geography

25. The traditional ArcGIS symbology model • Create symbology • Symbol Property Editor • Assign symbology • Symbol Selector • Symbology tab functions • Store symbology • Style files • Layer files andmap documents Bike Shop BikeShops.lyr

26. Limitations of the traditional model • Constraints on symbol drawing • Lack of tools for symbol creationand editing • Lack of tools to customize or vary patterns • Imperfect solutions to symbol conflict • Edit or geoprocess spatial data OR • Convert features to graphics(break the data link) • Few cartographic automationor quality control tools • Symbology stored separately from geospatial data

27. Representations: a new symbology model • Different architecture • Symbology stored in the geodatabase • As feature class attributes • Different software components • New interface and drawing toolsfor symbol creation • New toolbar for interactive symbolplacement and editing • Geoprocessing tools for managing symbology • A different symbology rendering option • Not a new data object or file type!

28. Benefits of cartographic representations • Better symbology • Symbol creation and editing, micro control of patterns, geometric effects • Create symbols more efficiently • Do cartography and keep geometry • Move and reshape features without changing geometry • Preserve topologies and networks • Efficient information management • Symbology stored in the geodatabase • Better map production process • Everything happens in ArcGIS

29. Multiple representations • Feature classes can store more than one representation • Symbolize city differently for city employees and tourists • Give different users different views The same data represented two ways—both versions are stored in the data, not in map documents or layers.

30. DEMO-Cartographic Representations and ArcGIS Schematics • Paris Metro

31. What is Network Analyst? Network Analyst extension Route Closest Facility Vehicle Routing Problem Origin-Destination (OD) Cost Matrix Service Area • Extension for analyzing transportation networks • Uses Network Datasets • Five types of network analysis

32. Network datasets • Network designed for ArcGIS Network Analyst • Built from simple features • Supports transportation modeling • Source data • Geodatabase feature classes • Shapefiles • StreetMap data • Pre-built network dataset

33. Multimodal example rail line local street exit points ramp Yellow bus station Yellow bus line rail station walking path Blue bus station highway Blue bus line

34. DEMO-Network Analyst and ArcGIS Schematics Integration • Paris route schematic

35. Questions and Answers