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Chapter 4 Opener Members of the hominin family tree. Figure 4.1 Plate tectonic processes. Figure 4.1 Plate tectonic processes. Figure 4.2 Radiometric dating. Figure 4.2 Radiometric dating. Table 4.1 (Part 1). Table 4.1 (Part 2). Table 4.1 (Part 3).
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Figure 4.3 Gradual evolution of shell shape in the foraminiferan Contusotruncana
Figure 4.4 Changes in the mean values of characters in fossil sticklebacks, Gasterosteus doryssus
Figure 4.4 Changes in the mean values of characters in fossil sticklebacks, Gasterosteus doryssus
Figure 4.4 Changes in the mean values of characters in fossil sticklebacks, Gasterosteus doryssus (Part 1)
Figure 4.4 Changes in the mean values of characters in fossil sticklebacks, Gasterosteus doryssus (Part 2)
Figure 4.5 A fossil can help confirm an evolutionary hypothesis
Figure 4.5 A fossil can help confirm an evolutionary hypothesis
Figure 4.6 (A) Lineage leading from stem sarcopterygian fishes to early tetrapods. (B) Articulated skeleton of Tiktaalik. (C) Pectoral fin, or forelimb of Tiktaalik.
Figure 4.6 (A) Lineage leading from stem sarcopterygian fishes to early tetrapods
Figure 4.6 (B) Articulated skeleton of Tiktaalik. (C) Pectoral fin, or forelimb, of Tiktaalik
Figure 4.7 Skeletal features of (A) Archaeopteryx, (B) a modern bird, and (C) a dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur
Figure 4.7 Skeletal features of (A) Archaeopteryx, (B) a modern bird, and (C) a dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur
Figure 4.7 Skeletal features of (A) Archaeopteryx, and (B) a modern bird
Figure 4.7 Skeletal features of a dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur
Figure 4.9 Reconstruction of the plumage of two Jurassic four-winged dinosaurs
Figure 4.10 Skulls of some stages in evolution from early synapsids to early mammals
Figure 4.10 Skulls of some stages in evolution from early synapsids to early mammals
Figure 4.11 Reconstruction of stages in the evolution of cetaceans from terrestrial artiodactyl ancestors
Figure 4.11 Reconstruction of stages in the evolution of cetaceans from terrestrial artiodactyl ancestors
Figure 4.12 Estimated body weights and brain volumes of fossil hominins
Figure 4.13 The approximate time spans of named hominin taxa in the fossil record
Figure 4.14 (A) Ardipithecus ramidus as it may have appeared in life. (B) Skeletal remains of the Pliocene homonin Australopithecus afarensis
Figure 4.15 Frontal and lateral reconstructions of skulls of a chimpanzee and some fossil hominins
Figure 4.15 Frontal and lateral reconstructions of skulls of a chimpanzee and some fossil hominins
Figure 4.16 Correlations between clade rank and age rank (Part 1)
Figure 4.16 Correlations between clade rank and age rank (Part 2)
Figure 4.17 Evolutionary trends in the horse family, Equidae
Figure 4.17 Evolutionary trends in the horse family, Equidae (Part 1)
Figure 4.17 Evolutionary trends in the horse family, Equidae (Part 2)
Figure 4.19 Three models of evolution, as applied to a hypothetical set of fossils
Figure 4.19 Three models of evolution, as applied to a hypothetical set of fossils
Figure 4.20 Phyletic gradualism: change in a molar of the grass-feeding vole Mimomys
Figure 4.21 Examples in the fossil record that fit three models of evolution
Figure 4.22 Punctuated equilibria: the phylogeny and temporal distribution of a lineage of bryozoans (Metrarabdotos)
Figure 4.23 Measures of the rate of character evolution depend on the time interval
Figure 4.23 Measures of the rate of character evolution depend on the time interval
