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Master of Science – Introductory Semester (E7) Lecturer: Lars Peter Jensen

Project Organised Problem Based Learning (POPBL) 5: Communication and group dynamics + P0-experience exchange. Master of Science – Introductory Semester (E7) Lecturer: Lars Peter Jensen. Agenda. Communication Oral presentation P0 experience exchange.

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Master of Science – Introductory Semester (E7) Lecturer: Lars Peter Jensen

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  1. Project Organised Problem Based Learning (POPBL)5: Communication and group dynamics + P0-experience exchange Master of Science – Introductory Semester (E7) Lecturer: Lars Peter Jensen E7 Intro - E07

  2. Agenda • Communication • Oral presentation • P0 experience exchange E7 Intro - E07

  3. Communication - a definition - from ancient Latin: communis - ”common” - sharing, making commonly known Merriam-Webster: ( www.m-w.com ) a: to convey knowledge of or information about : make known <communicate a story> b: to reveal by clear signs <his fear communicated itself to his friends>c: to transmit information, thought, or feeling so that it is satisfactorily received or understood E7 Intro - E07

  4. Ways of communication E7 Intro - E07

  5. Two means of human communication: Dialogue and Discussion Dialog versus diskussion Dialogue is an expansive process - your knowledge is increased. How is the ’mindmap of the world’ for the others?? Discussion is a narrowing process - you agree on a collective ’mindmap of the world’ E7 Intro - E07

  6. Dialogue • The objective is to understand what others understand – understand their ’mind map of the world’ • The means are: listening – passively and actively. • The characteristics are: to be curios; open minded; eager to learn. • Cultural sensitivity requires dialogue !! E7 Intro - E07

  7. Discussion • The objective is to agree upon a decision – a common ’mind map of the world’ • The means are: shift between listening, reflecting, developing ideas and speaking • The characteristics are: holistic judgements (see it as a whole) and reasonable decisions E7 Intro - E07

  8. Positive communication How to achieve positive communication to support learning? E7 Intro - E07

  9. Positive dialogue Active Listening Aktiv lytning Coding Decoding E7 Intro - E07

  10. Active Listening Builds on the ability to: • ’Mirror’, (repeat with your own words) what the other person says • Communicate on the other person’s premises • Show understanding and respect for the other persons opinion • Interpret – not judge or condemn. E7 Intro - E07

  11. Passive Listening Builds on the ability to: • Be silent • Express acknowledgement • Invite others to go into details using encouraging words: ”Yes”,”No”,”I see”,”Hmmm” and • openers: ”Tell more”, ”How would you” etc. E7 Intro - E07

  12. Body language of a listener A listening person: Has eye contact Has an open posture Is leaning slightly forward Nods at intervals Is conscious of own and receiver’s body language E7 Intro - E07

  13. Positive discussionContributions furthering discussion • Make proposals • Search for information via questions • Give information • Summing up the discussion • Elaborate and further develop ideas • Test own and others’ understanding of the topic under discussion E7 Intro - E07

  14. Positive discussionContributions improving ’climate’ • Praise and encourage others • Support others in being listened to • Follow and support ideas of others • Openly express change of opinion • Show openness • Listen actively E7 Intro - E07

  15. Negative discussion Contributions blocking discussion • Disagree without constructive alternatives • Attack proposals of others • Defend own proposals aggressively • Speaking all the time without listening • Talk about other subjects E7 Intro - E07

  16. Positive communicationWhen you have to make a decision… 4 phases involved: • Making suggestions – ’drawing different maps’. • Elaborating, explaining – ’understanding the maps’. • Developing further, comprehensive assessment – ’heading for a better map’. • Deciding – ’drawing the (best) collective map’ Phase 1 – 2 is the dialogue. Phase 3 – 4 is the discussion. E7 Intro - E07

  17. Positive communication Reflexive writing and ‘marking rounds’ Can be used before, during and after a decision-making process: • Five minutes ’time-out’, where • All speaking in the group is forbidden and • Each student spontaneously writes down his or her thoughts about the form of the discussion and the issues discussed at the moment • After 5 minutes take a ‘marking round’ where everyone explains their thoughts E7 Intro - E07

  18. Positive communication Reflexive writing and ‘marking rounds’ ..are good tools in team work because they: • Give those who have ’dropped out’ of the discussion a possibility to come back in. • Give everybody a possibility to put forward their views and opinions. • Make the communication process open and visible because of the writing. GOOD ADVICE: Let the less speaking student start!! E7 Intro - E07

  19. Positive communicationConstructive feedback Feedback must: • Describe behaviour – not interpret motives • Express your own feelings directly – not indirectly • Be specific – not general • Only address issues which can be changed • Make room for change • Be non-judgmental • Only be given when asked for/agreed upon – not uninvited • Be motivated by a wish to help others – not to hurt E7 Intro - E07

  20. Positive communication A good advice to remember !! • Be towards others as you wish them to be towards you!! E7 Intro - E07

  21. Oral presentation Watching the video E7 Intro - E07

  22. Group discussion • To make a ’do’ list for making oral presentation • To make a ’donot’ list for making oral presentation E7 Intro - E07

  23. Break for 10 minutes Deadline is deadline ! E7 Intro - E07

  24. The short presentation plan • Tell them what you are going to tell them! • Tell them! • Tell them what you have told them! E7 Intro - E07

  25. The longer presentation plan- 1 Questions to ask: • Who is to know? Receiver, code, power • What is my point? Message • Why do I want to tell? Motivation • How much do I know? Competence • How should I tell it? Focus, media • Where/when to tell? Situation • How do I behave? Attitude E7 Intro - E07

  26. The longer presentation plan- 2 • Things to think about: • Content - message, structure • Appearance - confident, open, lively (eye-contact, hands) • Articulation - clear, fluent, correct terminology (write) • AV-aids - blackboard, OHP, PowerPoint, posters, film • Time-management - organise, message • Group collaboration - organise, message • Plan - rehearse - evaluate – review – rehearse etc. E7 Intro - E07

  27. Oral presentations - body language • Elements in body language • eyes • facial mimic • gesture • posture • position • dressing E7 Intro - E07

  28. Body language • Be aware of your body language – often there is a contradiction between what you say and what your body tells • Some examples which may well be culturally biased?? E7 Intro - E07

  29. Signals defence and insecurity despite the smile Confident, committed and confidence-inspiring Superior and self-confident; don’t turn your back to the audience E7 Intro - E07

  30. Defensive and keeping his distance A little nervous; holding a pencil or a pointing device will look more natural Aggressive, determined E7 Intro - E07

  31. Cautious and a little insecure Open and honest Insecure, holding his own hand E7 Intro - E07

  32. Nervousness . . . . . . . • Everyone is nervous, insecure and/or exited - the only thing that helps is practice. • Prepare • Rehearse • In front of friends • In front of mirror • Write introduction + conclusion E7 Intro - E07

  33. Lecture: On reflection and learning • WHAT is reflection? • WHY use reflection? • HOW to reflect? • Introduction to cross-group work E7 Intro - E07

  34. WHAT is reflection? Examples of reflection: A student is reflecting when: • She notices that important information is missing in a text, thinks about possible reasons for leaving out the info and looks up the info in other places. • She realises that the given math exercise is different from the standard exercises in the book, identifies the difference and knows what to do differently. • He looks back at an overruled time plan, identifies the time-consuming activities and makes allowances for these kinds of activities in the next time schedule. E7 Intro - E07

  35. WHAT is reflection? Oxford English Dictionary The action, on the part of surfaces, of throwing back light or heat (rays, beams, etc.) falling upon them; But also • The action of turning (back) or fixing the thoughts on some subject; meditation, deep or serious consideration. From the examples: • Notice • Think about • Look back at • Identify • Plan based on experience E7 Intro - E07

  36. WHY use reflection? Engineers of today need methodological competencies, such as: Flexibility and capacity for change. Such competencies are closely connected with ’lifelong learning’ which can be achieved through awareness about learning processes. Awareness about learning processes can be achieved through reflection upon learning processes. E7 Intro - E07

  37. HOW to reflect? Make conscious observations by asking questions: WHAT went well in P0? … and WHY did it go well? WHAT went wrong in P0? and WHY did it go wrong? The reflection is embedded in the WHY? questions Reflection as a tool for development and improvement of methodological competencies can be used in connection with learning processes within all areas of engineering but in the POPBL course we focus upon learning processes in the area of project organised group work. E7 Intro - E07

  38. Introduction to cross-group work • Start out with a round of presentation, giving name, P0-project topic and supervisor • Do a series of rounds describing how your project group organised the following: Project management, team work, co-operation with your supervisor. • Do a series of rounds of analysing and assessing your project process, taking your point of departure in the questions: WHAT went well in P0? … and WHY did it go well? WHAT went wrong in P0? and WHY did it go wrong? E7 Intro - E07

  39. Introduction to cross-group work (cont.) 4. From the answers to the above questions generalise in the following format: • What we will continue to do in P1 • What we will do differently and better in P1 • Give ’Good advice’ to yourself and your fellow students (and possibly also to your supervisors) aimed at improving the project work process in P1 • Write down the ’Good advice’ on a slide (e.g. Power Point) and prepare a short presentation in room B2-109. E7 Intro - E07

  40. …and now the cross-group work! At 3 p.m. the presentation starts – please select one member from each cross group to present your slides. E7 Intro - E07

  41. Deadlines for personal portfolio • A first version of the personal portfolio should be sent to Lars Peter Jensen: lpj@es.aau.dk not later than november second (2/11-2007) • The final version of the personal portfolio should be sent to Lars Peter Jensen: lpj@es.aau.dk not later than december 13th (13/12-2007) E7 Intro - E07

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