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Understanding Pumps and Turbomachines in Engineering Systems

Explore the fundamentals of pumps, fans, and compressors, their applications, types, mechanical efficiency, and power output. Learn about displacement vs. dynamic pumps and their performance curves. Includes practical examples and detailed explanations.

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Understanding Pumps and Turbomachines in Engineering Systems

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  1. Pumps – Lectures 1 • Outline: • Where are pumps used • Pumps, fans, compressor differences • General HP and mechanical efficiency • Types of Pumps • Displacement • Dynamic • Reading: • Handouts: • ITT Goulds Pumps Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals (in class) read all • Fluide Design Inc. Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals (download) Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  2. Pumps, Fans, Compressors--Turbomachines • Turbomachines: change energy level of flowing fluid by means of momentum exchange • 2nd only to electric motors in number • Wide spread in ALL industries • Power units: cars/trucks, tractors • Computers • Grain elevators • Oilfield • Water supply/treatment • Food processing • And……. Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  3. Pumps, Fans, Compressors--Turbomachines • Differences between pumps, fans, compressors • Pumps: move liquids • Fans: move gases with little increase in pressure • Compressors: move gases with greater increase in pressure Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  4. Mechanical Efficiency • Ratio: • Power Output: • English Units, HP: • Efficiency Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  5. Pump example 1 • A pump provides 0.009 m^3/s of water and total head of 10.6 m. Determine the power output of the pump. If the power input is 1310 W, determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump. • Pump Example 2, English Units • Will be shown in class

  6. Pumps • Two types Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  7. Displacement Pumps Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  8. Displacement Pumps • Reciprocating and Piston Pumps • Crank • Connecting rods • Pistons or plungers • Vol. efficiencies > 97%, Mech. eff. approx. 90% • For more stable flow, increase number of cylinders Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  9. Displacement Pumps • Rotary Pumps (gear, lobe, screw, vane) • Most popular: gear pumps • 90%+ mechanical eff. • Relatively constant output Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  10. Dynamic Pumps • Centrifugal • Relative simplicity • Mech. eff. as high as 90% • Can handle fluids containing suspended solids • Ease of maintenance…good for food products • 2 parts: impeller and casing • Radial, mixed, axial flow Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  11. Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

  12. Performance Curves Dr. C. L. Jones Biosystems and Ag. Engineering

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