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D-Star

D-Star. An Introduction to the JARL standard for Digital Voice and Digital Data on VHF/UHF/Above. Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio 1999 Funded by the Japanese Government and administered by the Japanese Amateur Radio League (JARL)

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D-Star

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  1. D-Star An Introduction to the JARL standard for Digital Voice and Digital Data on VHF/UHF/Above

  2. Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio 1999 Funded by the Japanese Government and administered by the Japanese Amateur Radio League (JARL) 2001 Open Specification Published – anyone can implement http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/regulations/techchar/D-STAR.pdf Current Implementations Digital Voice (with simultaneous low rate data) on 2 meters Digital Voice (with simultaneous low rate data) on 70 centimeters Digital Voice (with simultaneous low rate data) on 23 centimeters Digital Data (128Kbps) on 23 centimeters Backbone (10 Mbps) on 10 gHz. band Internet Gateways What is D-STAR

  3. Terminology • Digital Voice (DV) • 4800 bps data stream real time encoded with • 2400 bps voice (AMBE encoded) • 1200 bps Forward Error Correction (FEC) for voice • 1200 bps data (text messages, GPS, telemetry, etc.) • 6.25 kHz. Bandwidth using GMSK • Digital Data (DD) • 128 kbps data stream • 150 kHz. Bandwidth • Possible extensions to other rates and bandwidths • E.g. 4800 bps in 6.25 kHz. (not current standard) on repeaters

  4. Terminology • Backbone • 10 mbps data rate • 10.5 mHz. bandwidth • Point-to-Point • Alternatively 2.4 and 5.8 gHz. • using stock or modified Part 15 devices (WiFi/WiMax) • Not D-STAR Standard • Gateway • Internet linking of D-Star Repeaters and Access Points

  5. Terminology • AMBE • Advanced Multi-Band Excitation (AMBE) is a very powerful proprietary speech coding standard developed by Digital Voice Systems, Inc. (From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Multi-Band_Excitation) • Converts audio to and from the digital format used in D-Star Digital Voice at 2400 bps with 1200 bps of FEC. • FEC • Forward Error Correction

  6. BitSynchronization64 bits FrameSync 15 bits Flag1 8 bits Flag 2 8 bits Flag 3 8 bits Radio ID P_FCS DestinationRepeater Call64 bits/8 char LocalRepeater Call64 bits/8 char DestinationStation Call64 bits/8 char ThisStation Call 64 bits/8 char This StationComment32 bits/4 char W7SP B W7SP A CQCQCQ K7VE JOHN The DV Protocol Radio Header Data

  7. Radio Header Data Audio Frame 72 bits Data Frame 24 bits Final Data Frame 48 bits The DV Protocol Alternating Audio/Data

  8. Radio Header Length 16 bits Ethernet Style Packet BitSynchronization64 bits FrameSync 15 bits Flag1 8 bits Flag 2 8 bits Flag 3 8 bits Radio ID P_FCS DestinationRepeater Call64 bits/8 char LocalRepeater Call64 bits/8 char DestinationStation Call64 bits/8 char ThisStation Call 64 bits/8 char This StationComment32 bits/4 char W7SP B W7SP A CQCQCQ K7VE JOHN The DD Protocol

  9. Radio Header Length 16 bits Ethernet Style Packet MAC Src Addr 48 bits MAC Dest Addr 48 bits Type 16 bits Data Frame 128 – 12000 bits FCS 32 bits The DD Protocol TCP/IP

  10. How Does DV Sound? • Strong Mobile D-Star Signal • Weak Mobile D-Star Signal • Weak D-Star vs. Weak FM • D-Star DTMF Sample Sound samples courtesy KC5ZRQ

  11. General Call Your Call: CQCQCQ RPT1: RPT2: My Call: K7VE Specific Station Your Call: KZ7ZZZ RPT1: RPT2: My Call: K7VE Call Groups 100 groups (00-99) General Call Calling CQ Roundtables/Nets Most Common Specific Station When other station is using callsign squelch Send Message Emergency Override Making a Contact: Simplex

  12. General Call Your Call: CQCQCQ RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: My Call: K7VE Specific Station Your Call: KZ7ZZZ RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: My Call: K7VE Call Groups 100 groups (00-99) General Call Calling CQ Roundtables/Nets Most Common Specific Station When other station is using callsign squelch Send Message Emergency Override Making a Contact: Local Repeater

  13. General Call Your Call: CQCQCQ RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: WA7GIE B My Call: K7VE Specific Station Your Call: KZ7ZZZ RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: WA7GIE B My Call: K7VE Call Groups 100 groups (00-99) General Call Calling CQ Roundtables/Nets Most Common Specific Station When other station is using callsign squelch Send Message Emergency Override Making a Contact: Zone Repeater

  14. Zone Repeater Illustration WA7GIE C WA7GIE B Controller 70 CM UR: CQCQCQ RPT1: WA7GIE B RPT2: WA7GIE C MY: K7VE 2 M UR: CQCQCQ RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: WA7GIE B MY: KC7PAA

  15. Zone Repeater Illustration WA7GIE C WA7GIE B Controller 70 CM UR: KC7PAA RPT1: WA7GIE B RPT2: WA7GIE C MY: K7VE 2 M UR: K7VE RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: WA7GIE B MY: KC7PAA

  16. General Call Your Call: /K5TIT RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: WA7GIE G My Call: K7VE Specific Station Your Call: KZ7ZZZ RPT1: WA7GIE C RPT2: WA7GIE G My Call: K7VE General Call Through Gateway Calling CQ Most like IRLP Be sure to give reverse routing Specific Station Through Gateway Calling specific Station Don’t need to know other station’s location (City, Repeater, Freq., …) When other station is using callsign squelch Send Message Making a Contact: Gateway

  17. WA7GIE G (Gateway) K5TIT G (Gateway) Gateway Illustration WA7GIE B K5TIT B WA7GIE C K5TIT A Controller Controller “Repeaters and Gateways should have club call signs…” Internet or Backbone GPS 23 CM UR: K7VE RPT1: K5TIT A RPT2: K5TIT G MY: N5MIJ 70 CM UR: N5MIJ RPT1: WA7GIE B RPT2: WA7GIE G MY: K7VE

  18. Applications • DD – About anything you could do on the Internet (WWW, FTP, Telnet, … ) • Text Messaging • D-GPS • Future VOIP Telephone Interconnect (Uberpatch – assign your radio a public telephone number.) • Whatever you can imagine

  19. FM+ AX.25 1200 Baud Single Band Handheld $119 (Icom V82) TNC $189.95 Interconnecting Cables $9-39 D-Star Single Band Handheld $119 (Icom V82) UT-118 $199.95 Cost Comparison • Essentially the same price!!! • Use IC-2200H ($139.00) for mobile comparison.

  20. Homebrew? • Software – Watch http://opendstar.org • Hardware – http://www.moetronix.com/dstar/

  21. Websites • http://www.dstarusers.org • http://groups.google.com/utah-d-star-users • http://www.icomamerica.com • http://www.icomamerica.com/support/forums/ • http://groups.yahoo.com/group/illinoisdigitalham • http://groups.yahoo.com/group/dstar_digital • http://k7ve.ampr.org • And many more …

  22. Questions? • Can I use D-Star through an FM Repeater? • Does it work through a Satellite? • Can I link a traditional FM repeater, IRLP, Echolink, to D-Star? • Is anybody using this? • Are we only going to get radios from Icom? • Is it really an open system? How can that be with a proprietary chip like the AMBE 2020? • Others? …

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