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Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e

Explore the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur during adolescence. Learn about puberty, sexual development, cognitive reasoning, moral development, identity formation, and developing intimacy. Understand the key developmental issues such as continuity and stages, stability and change, and nature vs nurture.

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Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e

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  1. Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst

  2. Developmental Domain

  3. Life-Span Development Chapter

  4. Adolescence Module 15

  5. What is Adolescence? Module 15: Adolescence

  6. Adolescence • Transition period from childhood to adulthood • From puberty (the start of sexual maturation) to independence

  7. Adolescence

  8. Physical Development in Adolescence Module 15: Adolescence

  9. Puberty • The period of sexual maturation where the person becomes capable of reproducing • Starts at approximately age 11 in females and age 13 in males • Major growth spurt

  10. Physical Development

  11. Primary Sex Characteristics • The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible • Reproductive organs • Ovaries in females • Testes in males

  12. Secondary Sex Characteristics • Nonreproductive sexual characteristics • Breasts and hip development in females • Voice quality and facial hair in males

  13. Sexual Characteristics

  14. Sexual Orientation • Enduring sexual attraction toward • people of the other gender (heterosexuality) • One’s own gender (homosexuality) • One’s attraction toward people of a particular gender • Usually heterosexual or homosexual; small minority bisexual

  15. Heterosexual • A sexual orientation in which a person is attracted to members of the opposite sex • “straight”

  16. Homosexual • A sexual orientation in which a person is attracted to members of the same sex • Approximately 3-4% of the male population and 1-2% of the female population

  17. Sexual Orientation • Play “Sexual Orientation and Activity” (3:17) Segment #25 from Psychology: The Human Experience

  18. Cognitive Development: Reasoning Module 15: Adolescence

  19. Formal Operational Stage • Piaget’s fourth and final stage of cognitive development • The person can think logically, hypothetically, and in the abstract • Qualitative change over the thinking of a child

  20. Cognitive Development in Adolescence: Morality Module 15: Adolescence

  21. Lawrence Kohlberg • Author of a three-stage theory of moral development

  22. 1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning • Characterized by the desire to avoid punishment or gain reward • Typically children under the age of 9

  23. 2. Conventional Moral Reasoning • Primary concern is to fit in and play the role of a good citizen • People have a strong desire to follow the rules and laws. • Typical of most adults

  24. 3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning • Characterized by references to universal ethical principles that represent the rights or obligations of all people • Most adults do not reach this level.

  25. Lawrence KohlbergMoral Development

  26. Lawrence KohlbergMoral Development

  27. Lawrence KohlbergMoral Development

  28. Social Development in Adolescence Module 15: Adolescence

  29. Erik Erikson • Created an 8-stage theory of social development • Each stage has its own psychosocial, developmental task.

  30. Erik Erikson • Insert “Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development – Trust Versus Mistrust” Video #20 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  31. Social Development in Adolescence: Developing Identity Module 15: Adolescence

  32. Identity • One’s sense of self • According to Erikson, an adolescence task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles • A strong, consistent sense of who and what a person is

  33. Developing Identity • Identity search includes the following characteristics: • Experimentation • Rebellion • “Self”-ishness • Optimism and energy

  34. Discovering One’s Identity • Play “Adolescence: Independence from Parents and Identity Formation” (4:48) Segment #22 from Psychology: The Human Experience.

  35. Social Development in Adolescence: Developing Intimacy Module 15: Adolescence

  36. Intimacy • In Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving, open relationships • To Erikson this is the primary task of early adulthood • Not necessarily one’s spouse or a sexual relationship

  37. Social Development in Adolescence: Independence from Family Module 15: Adolescence

  38. Three Key Developmental Issues Module 15: Adolescence

  39. 1. Continuity and Stages • How much of behavior is continuous and how much follows a more stage like development?

  40. 2. Stability and Change • Which developmental traits remain stable over time, and which change?

  41. 3. Nature and Nurture • How much of our behavior is due to nature and how much is due to nurture? • How do nature and nurture interact in development?

  42. The End

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