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Nutrient Cycles

Nutrient Cycles. CARBON. WATER. NITROGEN. Earth ’ s 4 Spheres. air. life. water. earth/rocks. The Water Cycle. The Water Cycle. Condensation. Evaporation. Precipitation. Transpiration. Runoff. Groundwater. Human Uses. Human Waste. The Water Cycle.

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Nutrient Cycles

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  1. Nutrient Cycles CARBON WATER NITROGEN

  2. Earth’s 4 Spheres air life water earth/rocks

  3. The Water Cycle

  4. The Water Cycle Condensation Evaporation Precipitation Transpiration Runoff Groundwater Human Uses Human Waste

  5. The Water Cycle • Evaporation - Water that rises from the earth (lithosphere or biosphere) into the atmosphere

  6. The Water Cycle • Condensation - Water in the atmosphere that clumps together to form clouds. • The water molecules come together, or condense, into liquid or solid form.

  7. The Water Cycle • Precipitation - Water that falls from the atmosphere in the form of liquid (rain) or solid (snow, ice) to the earth (lithosphere)

  8. The Water Cycle • Runoff - Water on the earth (lithosphere) that flows into bodies of water (hydrosphere) • Water flows downward according to gravity • Human activities can affect runoff • Examples: flooding, pollution

  9. The Water Cycle • Ground Water - Water stored in the Earth (lithosphere) • About 1.7 % of Earth’s water is ground water but 30.1 % of all our fresh water (drinking water) appears as ground water

  10. The Carbon Cycle

  11. The Carbon Cycle Pollution Photosynthesis Gas Exchange Carbon Fixation Gas Exchange Burning Fossil Fuels Animal Waste Decomposition Fossilization

  12. Gas Exchange • CO2 exchanges between water and the atmosphere • dissolves from the atmosphere into water (the hydrosphere) • rises out of water into the atmosphere

  13. Photosynthesis • Plants use CO2 from the atmosphere to make glucose sugar (C6H12O6)

  14. Carbon Fixation • When CO2 leaves the atmosphere and enters the biosphere (usually photosynthesis)

  15. Animal Waste • Carbon compounds are released through solid waste into land and water (the lithosphere and hydrosphere)

  16. Decomposition • Carbon is decomposed (by bacteria and other decomposers) into soil

  17. Fossilization • When plants and animals die, the carbon in their bodies may be turned into fossil fuels • Under the right heat and pressure

  18. Burning Fossil Fuels • We can burn these fossils and use the energy from them as fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) • CO2 is released when they are burnt • Pollution - CO2 from the burnt fuels is released back into the atmosphere

  19. Pollution

  20. The Nitrogen Cycle

  21. The Nitrogen Cycle Burning Fossil Fuels Animal Use De-nitrification Nitrogen Fixation Waste Runoff Plant Use

  22. Nitrogen Fixation • Lightning and bacteria put atmospheric nitrogen into the lithosphere and hydrosphere (NO3 and NH3)

  23. Plant Use • Plants use nitrogen to make amino acids (the building blocks of proteins!) • From the atmosphere to the biosphere

  24. Animal Use • Animals break apart the plant proteins and use the amino acids to build their own proteins • Stays in the biosphere

  25. Waste • Decomposers break down animals and plant matter into nitrogen for the soil (lithosphere and biosphere)

  26. De-nitrification • Decomposers turn nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas (lithosphere to atmosphere)

  27. Runoff • Runoff washes nitrogen from the ground into water (lithosphere into the hydrosphere)

  28. Burning Fossil Fuels • Nitrogen enters the atmosphere as pollution from our factories • Lithosphere to atmosphere

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