Personality…

1. Personality… Mr P. Leighton Sports Psychology Y13 Lesson 1

2. Today’s Session… • Discuss what we remember from last years introduction to personality… • Look at the 3 perspectives to personality- which one do you subscribe to? • Understand the key terms and theories which will be noted in the session…

3. Personality then… • Everyone displays their own unique patterns of behaviour- from the 100M runners preparation for a race to 2 children playing catch. • Participation in different sporting events depends on your personality.

4. What the Theorists say… Personality is…“What a man really is… not what he appears to be” (Allport and Whiting) Personality is…“The sum total of an individuals characteristics which make a human unique” (Hollander) “Personality represents those characteristics of the person that account for consistent patterns of behaviour” (Pervin, 1993)

5. The 3 major views on personality development are… • Trait Perspective • Social Learning Perspective • Interactionist Approach

6. Trait Perspective (B=F(P)) • Personality is made up of different SECONDARY traits inherited from parental genes. • Behaviour is genetically innate and programmed. • People can be naturally inclined to be more ambitious, competitive or aggressive. • Traits are stable, enduring and consistent in all situations…

7. Graham Hill Formula 1 Driver. Aggressive driving style. World Champion. Damon Hill Formula 1 Driver. Aggressive driving style World Champion. Trait theory in sport…

8. Problems with Trait Theory… • Behaviour is not always predictable. • It does not account for peoples responses to different environmental situations. • It also doesn’t account for peoples adaptability in situations.

9. Eysenck’s 4 personality traits…

10. Personality Types (Eysenck). • Eysenck proposed that personality could only be… • Extrovert and Stable • Extrovert and Neurotic • Introvert and Stable • Introvert and Neurotic He also added a 3rd dimension to his personality model called Psychoticism, a term which helps define how tender or tough minded people are.

11. Reticular Activating System (RAS). • Introverts are more easily aroused than extroverts. • This is because of a sensitivity in an area of the brain called the Reticular Activating System. • There is a greater likelihood then that introverts can become over-aroused.

12. Personality Types (Cattell). • Cattell questioned whether personality could be understood by examining just 3 dimensions. • Cattell, therefore, proposed that examining 16 personality factors in a questionnaire. • www.heinemann.co.uk/hotlinks • Express code: 6855P

13. Narrow Band Theory(Girdano). • Girdano proposed that there are only 2 distinct personality types…

14. Social Learning Theory.(B=F(E)) • Social learning theory is a direct contrast to trait theory. • All behaviour is learned. • Learning occurs by way of environmental experiences and through other people.

15. Social Learning Theory. (Bandura) • Bandura believed learning was stimulated by environmental experiences such as… • The behaviour of others being imitated through observation. • New behaviour being acquired after observation, but only when it is endorsed through social reinforcement.

16. SLT in sport- Athletics. • Certain athletes have the opportunity and privilege to train world champions. • Behaviours can be copied by the novices and desired behaviour receives positive feedback. • The process of vicarious experiences and reinforcement facilitates behaviour.

17. Conditions that support Social Learning…

18. So what are the problems with Social Learning Theory?

19. Interactionist Approach- Work for you… • Read page 201-203 making notes similar to the ones in the slideshow. • Have this ready for next weeks lesson.