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Magnetism

Explore the world of magnetism, from the force between poles to the Earth's magnetic field. Discover how permanent magnets work, the effects of magnetism on materials, and the significance of magnetic fields in various phenomena.

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Magnetism

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  1. Magnetism Or Pimpin’ for Electricity

  2. Where do we observe magnetism? • Permanent magnets, around a current carrying wire and inside a looped wire • All of these involve accelerating electric charges. • Magnetism in general • Force between poles. Like poles repel, opposites attract • Produces fields that follow inverse square law with distance • Field direction North to South by convention • No magnetic monopoles • Magnetic force aligns magnetic particles • Magnetic fields made of loops

  3. Permanent Magnets • Fe, Co, Ni, Nd have unpaired electrons in outer D orbitals with the same spin and can become magnets • Domain theory and Magnetic vs. non-magnetic iron • Dropping or heating magnet reduces strength • Cutting magnet in half results in two magnets both with a N and S pole.

  4. Magnetic field around a current carrying wire • Field in shape of concentric loops • Field weakens as inverse square of distance from wire, direct relationship w/ current • RHR #2: Thumb in direction of current, fingers curl in direction of magnetic field

  5. Looped Wire • More magnetization because have both linear and centripetal acceleration of charge • Magnetization is greatest inside of wire because of concentration of field lines in same direction • RHR #1 fingers curl in direction of conventional current, thumb points to north pole • RHR #1 also applies to single charges that spin or circle.

  6. The Earth’s Magnetic Field • Shape of field is like a bar magnet • Believed to be caused by circulating charged ions in mantle and outer core • Field changes direction and strength over time • Field deflects charged particles from sun making life possible

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