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Biogas Systems

Biogas Systems. Anaerobic Digestion is Very Useful. Image courtesy of Community Composting Network. Anaerobic Digestion in a Diagram. Image courtesy of Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management (SSWM). What is Biogas?. It is similar to natural gas. It is 50-70% methane.

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Biogas Systems

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  1. Biogas Systems Anaerobic Digestion is Very Useful

  2. Image courtesy of Community Composting Network

  3. Anaerobic Digestion in a Diagram Image courtesy of Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management (SSWM)

  4. What is Biogas? • It is similar to natural gas. • It is 50-70% methane. • The remainder is carbon dioxide and traces of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. • Methane is the important product. It can be burned as fuel, just like natural gas.

  5. What are the benefits of Biogas? • Sanitation and hygiene • Fuel and electricity • Reduces indoor air pollution • Reduces deforestation and cuts CO2 emissions. • Fertilizer Image courtesy of SKG Sangha/The Ashden Awards

  6. Small scale biogas digesters Image courtesy of Dr.-Ing. Arquitecta Joana Forte – Nepal 2011

  7. Image courtesy of the Pace Project

  8. What do you put in? Images courtesy of Practical Action

  9. How much biogas is produced? • It depends on what you put in Image courtesy of Smith (DFID) 10

  10. Human Waste C/N Ratio Hydraulic Retention Time Duck dropping 8 Human waste 55 days Human Excreta 8 Cow/Buffalo Dung 45 days Chicken dropping 10 Goat dung 12 Low C/N ratio  Low gas production Pig dung 18 (Need 3 times the plant size to produce Sheep dung 19 same amt of biogas as cow dung) Cow/Buffalo dung 24 Water Hyacinth 25 High HRT  Less amount required Elephant dung 43 for feeding into plant Maize stalk 60 Rice straw 70 WASH solution – HYBRID PLANT Wheat straw 90 Cow dung for biogas production Saw dust 200 Human waste for sanitation

  11. How much biogas is produced? Size of Digester 4m3 6m3 8m3 10m3 15m3 Daily Cow Dung Required (kg) 32 48 64 80 120 Gas Production (m3/day) 1.28 1.92 2.56 3.20 4.80 Stove usage (hrs/day) 3-4 5-6 6-8 8-10 13-15

  12. What does this mean? Image Courtesy of Practical Action

  13. What does this mean? • Rural Scale: dung from 2-4 cows (or 5-10 pigs) can produce enough gas for all a family’s cooking, and sometimes their lighting, too. • Urban Scale:  A family or community using just their own food waste can replace between 25% and 50% of their cooking fuel. • Large-scale: electricity can be generated for many families or whole communities.

  14. Variations on Biogas Installations • The following slides will demonstrate the wide variety of biogas systems currently being used around the world. • The major variables are: • Size of the installation. • Materials used to create the installation. • Amount of pressure created within the system.

  15. Fixed Dome Biogas Plant

  16. Sano Khokana, Kathmandu Valley, Lalitpur, Nepal Images courtesy of Prakash Chandra Amatya

  17. Floating Dome Biogas Plant Images courtesy of Practical Action and Ashden Awards Image courtesy of Ashden Awards

  18. BIOTECH, India • In households and institutions, biogas plants handle kitchen waste and sometimes have toilets connected • Biogas is used for cooking, displacing about 50% of LPG use. • Larger systems used at markets, municipal sites, schools and hostels generate enough electricity for lighting Images courtesy of Ashden Awards

  19. Loowatt A new customizable toilet that allows the toilet owner to also have an energy source Image courtesy of Loowatt

  20. Flexible Balloon Biogas Plant Images courtesy of SSWM

  21. Low-Cost Polyethylene Tube Digester Images courtesy of Energypedia

  22. Assess Community Need If you are working with a community that has a waste disposal problem, biogas may be a helpful solution. Work with your community to determine: • What types of waste are is the community producing? • What quantities of this waste is the community producing? • Is the community interested in transforming this waste into useful energy and fertilizer?

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