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The Cold War: Democracy vs. Communism

The Cold War: Democracy vs. Communism. Political Differences, Military Conflicts & Economic Competition. Cold War Terms. 1. Truman Doctrine 2. Marshall Plan 3. National Security Act 4. NATO 5. NSC-68. The Truman Years. Truman Doctrine (Feb. 1947)

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The Cold War: Democracy vs. Communism

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  1. The Cold War: Democracy vs. Communism Political Differences, Military Conflicts & Economic Competition

  2. Cold War Terms 1. Truman Doctrine 2. Marshall Plan 3. National Security Act 4. NATO 5. NSC-68

  3. The Truman Years • Truman Doctrine (Feb. 1947) • $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey • Marshall Plan (June 1947) • $12.5 billion in aid to jump start Europe economy • Money would flow in cycle to benefit American economy – US to Europe then purchase US goods • National Security Act (July 1947) • Established Department of Defense, National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

  4. The Truman Years • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) • Military alliance of 12 nations formed to deter possible aggression of Soviets against West. Europe • NSC-68 • Called for expanded and aggressive U.S. defense policy; greater military spending

  5. The Berlin Blockade Cold War’s First Crisis

  6. Home Front Fears Spies, Lies and the Red Scare

  7. Spies?!!! • Alger Hiss • Helped establish U.N. for U.S. • Accused of being spy for Soviets in 1948 – found guilty (10 years) • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • Convicted of giving plans of Atomic Bomb to Soviets • Executed for espionage in 1953 • 18 months later… • Soviets EXPLODE THE ATOMIC BOMB • 5 years before we expected!

  8. Truman Responds… • 1/31/50 – Approves H-bomb testing • 67x impact of Hiroshima bomb • 1952 results, 10x more than expected • Soviets explode their version 6 months after us… • No one has nuclear weapon advantage

  9. The Eisenhower Years Cold War Continues

  10. “We Like Ike” • “Liberal on human issues, conservative on economic issues” • No government intrusion on ‘private’ matters • Important bills passed: • Social Security Act (1954) • Highway Act (1956) • Raised defense budget from $13 to $40 billion • One of his final actions: sent 3,500 troops to bolster noncommunist southern portion of Vietnam

  11. Cautious times… • 1955 – W. Germany joins NATO • Soviets feel threatened • Form Warsaw pact (satellite nations now a military alliance) • Geneva Summit • Eisenhower and Nikita Khrushchev • “Open skies proposal” - Eisenhower • Flights to monitor each other’s territory to reduce possibility of surprise nuclear attacks • REJECTED BY SOVIETS!!!

  12. U-2 Incident • CIA still advises sending U-2 planes secretly to take pictures • 1960 – Eisenhower wants it stopped…upcoming peace summit in Paris • U-2 shot down!!! • How? • Americans: Cover story…weather flight plane lost • Soviets: shot down by missile and pilot Gary Powers was captured • Powers was convicted of espionage and served almost 2 years in Soviet prison

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