The 1920s: Inflation, Strikes, and the Red Scare

1. 1920s • INFLATION • STRIKES • RED SCARE • Harlem Renaissance • Mass production • Booming economy

2. 5.2 Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey’s “back-to-Africa” movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks. 5.3 Examine the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act (Prohibition). 5.5 Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes). 5.6 Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies 5.7 Discuss the rise of mass production and new technologies

3. The world as it looked to many Americans after WWI, full of problems and dangers.

4. SOLDIERS RETURNING TO THE U.S. AFTER WWI How are prohibitionists portrayed in this cartoon? ANSWER: AS A “KNOW-IT-ALL” WHO KNOWS WHAT IS RIGHT FOR EVERYBODY.

5. INFLATION 1913 TO 1925 LEGEND 1913 1924 1925

6. What’s Inflation? • When the price of things go up

7. UNION WAGES ALSO WENT UP UNION WAGES AND HOURS OF WORK, NEW YORK CITY

8. What’s a Union? • an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions.

9. DURING 1919 THERE WERE MORE THAN 3,000 STRIKES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, INVOLVING MORE THAN 4 MILLION WORKERS. THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT: GENERAL STRIKE IN SEATTLE AND THE BOSTON POLICE STRIKE. IN BOTH CASES THE NATIONAL GUARD WAS BROUGHT IN TO RESTORE PEACE.

10. BOSTON POLICE STRIKE EDITORIAL CARTOONS

11. 1919 CARTOONS ON THE WAVE OF STRIKES SWEEPING THE U.S.

12. For four days in early February 1919, the Seattle labor establishment closed down the city and captured nation-wide attention in the first city-wide general strike in U.S. History. Politicians and newspapers in the pacific northwest and throughout the country interpreted the action as the beginning of a Bolshevik-style revolution. JOHN L. LEWIS

13. THE RUSSIAN BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION IN 1917 LED TO WIDE SCALE FEAR IN THE U.S. THAT COMMUNISTS WOULD TRY TO TAKE OVER THE COUNTRY

14. RED SCARE EVENTS IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE AND MASSIVE STRIKES AT HOME LED TO A FEAR THAT THE U.S. WOULD BE THE NEXT TARGET OF COMMUNISTS

15. PALMER RAIDS A. MITCHELL PALMER

16. AS A RESULT OF THE PALMER RAIDS HUNDREDS OF IMMIGRANTS WERE FORCIBLY DEPORTED TO THEIR HOME COUNTRIES “SHIP OR SHOOT”

17. FEAR OF OUTSIDE INFLUENCES LED TO RESTRICTIONS ON IMMIGRATION

18. SACCO & VANZETTI

19. DESPITE MASSIVE PROTESTS AROUND THE GLOBE SACCO AND VANZETTI WERE EXECUTED IN AUGUST OF 1927 THE FUNERAL DEATH MASKS

20. ACLU THE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION (ACLU) WAS FORMED IN 1920 TO FIGHT GOVERNMENT DISREGARD OF CONSTITUTIONALLY GUARANTEED RIGHTS ROGER BALDWIN, FOUNDER OF THE ACLU

21. 1. Describe the Palmer raids.2. What organization was formed to try and protect against such government actions? Fear of a Bolshevik revolution lead to the government home raids, arrests and the deporting of hundreds of immigrants.

22. NEW TECHNOLOGIES RESHAPE AMERICA • RADIO • MOVIES • ADVERTISING & MASS CULTURE • AUTOMOBILES

23. RADIOS AND MOVIES: THE GROWTH OF A CULTURE AND MARKETING

24. KDKA, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL RADIO STATION IN THE U.S. KDKA BEGAN SCHEDULED PROGRAMMING WITH THE HARDING-COX PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RETURNS ON NOVEMBER 2, 1920 FIRST COMMERCIAL RADIO BROADCAST

27. MOTION PICTURES • BY 1925 MOVIES WERE THE FOURTH LARGEST BUSINESS IN THE U.S. • THE EARLY FILMS WERE SILENT AND BLACK AND WHITE • WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF “TALKIES” MOVIE ATTENDANCE WENT FROM 40 MILLION IN 1922 TO OVER 85 MILLION IN 1929 • THERE WERE OVER 30,000 MOVIE THEATERS AND MOST PEOPLE WENT TO THE MOVIES AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK • NEWSREELS WERE SHOWN THAT ALLOWED PEOPLE FOR THE FIRST TIME TO SEE FILMED NEWS COVERAGE FROM AROUND THE WORLD • HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA BECAME THE CENTER OF THE FILM INDUSTRY AND MOVIE STARS SET THE TONE FOR FASHION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

28. THE JAZZ SINGER WAS THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL TALKING PICTURE

29. MOVIE “PALACES” WERE BUILT TO ENHANCE THE MOVIE GOING EXPERIENCE

30. CLARA BOW MOVIE STARS MARY PICKFORD CHARLIE CHAPLIN RUDOLPH VALENTINO

31. ADVERTISING BECAME THE VEHICLE TO SELL MASS CULTURE

32. BECAUSE MANY OF THE NEW PRODUCTS OFFERED FOR SALE WERE NOT NECESSITIES MANUFACTURES HAD TO CONVINCE PEOPLE THEY NEEDED THEM THROUGH ADVERTISING

33. 1930’S HOME FURNISHINGS WITH INSTALLMENT (CREDIT) PRICES

34. PROFESSIONAL AND COLLEGE SPORTS BECAME VERY POPULAR IN THE 1920s BASEBALL, FOOTBALL, BOXING, TENNIS AND GOLF AND OTHER SPECTATOR SPORTS GAINED HUGE FOLLOWINGS IN THE 1920s BABE RUTH AND 1927 YANKEES

35. THE AUTOMOBILE, ELECTRICITY AND HOUSING INDUSTRIES WERE THE MAJOR FACTORS FUELING THE ECONOMIC “BOOM” OF THE 1920s

36. HENRY FORD, THE MAN WHO REVOLUTIONIZED MANUFACTURING BY MECHANIZING THE ASSEMBLY LINE MODE OF PRODUCTION IN 1925 FORD WAS PRODUCING NEW MODEL T’S AT THE RATE OF ONE EVERY TEN SECONDS.

37. ASSEMBLY LINE PRODUCTION

38. INADEQUATE PARKING AND ROADS WERE APPARENT BY THE MID 1920s

39. Harlem Renaissance: 1919 to 1935, Harlem New York City After WWI many Blacks fled the south for better economic opportunities and freedom from KKK violence. Harlem, New York was a popular destination and New York city’s Black population swelled from 30,000 in 1900 to over 300,000 in 1930.

40. Black artists, writers, dancers, poets, historians, and many others turned Harlem into a center of culture, creativity, and exploration of African American roots.

41. Several writers and poets became a voice of strength for African Americans Langston Hughes Zora Neale Hurston

42. COUNTEE CULLEN, POET OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE AUGUSTA SAVAGE, SCULPTOR

43. JAZZ WAS SO POPULAR THAT THE 20s IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE JAZZ AGE DUKE ELLINGTON BIG BAND LOUIS ARMSTRONG

44. OTHER PROLIFIC WRITERS OF THE JAZZ AGE F. SCOTT FITZGERALD & ZELDA, “KING AND QUEEN OF THE JAZZ AGE” ERNEST HEMINGWAY GERTRUDE STEIN (ON THE RIGHT)

45. SUMMARY • IT’S THE BEES KNEES