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Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.

Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S. Unit 3: Delivering Healthcare (Part 2) Focus On Primary Care. Primary care clinic: Point of delivery A medical facility Usually, the conditions seen at a primary care clinic are not serious or life threatening

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Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.

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  1. Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S. Unit 3: Delivering Healthcare (Part 2) Focus On Primary Care

  2. Primary care clinic: • Point of delivery • A medical facility • Usually, the conditions seen at a primary care clinic are not serious or life threatening • “Gateway” to healthcare services Where Is Primary Care Delivered? Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  3. Family Practice • General Internal Medicine • Pediatrics • Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) Primary Care Medical Specialties Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  4. Family Practice (also known as Family medicine):  • Provides health care for the individual and family • Integrates biological, clinical and behavioral sciences • The scope of family medicine is broad • encompasses all ages, both sexes, each organ system and every disease entity Family Practice Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  5. Doctors of internal medicine also known as “internists” • Focus on adult medicine • Special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases. General Internal Medicine Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  6. Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents • The science of child care…includes planned preventive and curative care of children Pediatrics Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  7. Obstetrics – care of women during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth • Gynecology – care of women who have problems of the female reproductive system • Women’s health and GYN preventive care is an important facet of primary care • Often the same clinician provides both OB and GYN services Obstetrics and Gynecology Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  8. A specialty is a branch of medicine • After completing medical school, physicians train in a specific field (their specialty) • Some physicians undergo additional training (fellowships) after initial training in a more general field Specialty Care Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  9. Dermatology • Pathology • Radiology • Nuclear Medicine • Psychiatry • Emergency Medicine • Preventive Medicine Examples of Specialties Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  10. Medical specialties • Examples: • Cardiology • Immunology • Gastroenterology • Surgical specialties • Examples: • Orthopedic surgery • Neurosurgery • Plastic surgery Specialty clinics Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  11. Many surgical specialists see patients in outpatient clinics • They perform surgeries in hospitals • They may perform surgeries in outpatient surgical centers Delivery of Specialty Care Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  12. Many surgeries or procedures are done in the hospital • Some surgeries or procedures are done in outpatient (or ambulatory) surgical centers • Surgery or procedures are performed in a non-hospital location • Patients typically go home after a brief period of recovery (few hours) after the procedure /surgery Outpatient Surgical Centers Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  13. Increasing number of older patients with complex medical issues • Imperfect coverage of preventive care services • Emphasis on documentation • Complex billing and compensation system Primary Care In Crisis? Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  14. Decreasing number of physicians practicing primary care • Supply-demand imbalance • Greater dependence on after-hours care • Increased cost of health care delivery Primary Care In Crisis? Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  15. Few U.S. graduates enter family medicine • Only a minority of first year internal medicine residents pursue careers in primary care • More than 80 percent of graduating medical students carry educational debt • Specialists are better compensated than primary care physicians Why is Primary Care In Crisis? Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  16. A 2007 survey of graduating US medical students -- only 2% planned a career in general internal medicine • Debt not as much a negative factor as the challenge of treating elderly and chronically ill patients with complex medical issues • Practice environment and lifestyle also played a role Why Don’t Physicians Want To Go Into Primary Care? Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

  17. Health reform and federal stimulus funds • Training • Grants for training and educational innovation • Recruitment • Loan forgiveness and other financial inducements • International Medical Graduates Solving The Primary Care Crisis Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

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